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EU Personal Data Protection in Policy and Practice

Part of the book series: Information Technology and Law Series ((ITLS,volume 29))

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Abstract

This chapter focuses on privacy and data protection in the Sweden. The first section deals with the general situation regarding privacy and personal data protection. The second section deals with national government policies. The third section deals with laws and regulations. The fourth section deals with implementation. The fifth section deals with regulatory authorities and enforcement.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Translations of some Swedish terminology: personal data = personsuppgift, data controller = personsuppgiftsombud, data processing = personuppgiftsbehandling, privacy = integritet.

  2. 2.

    Hermida 2004, p. 141.

  3. 3.

    Council of Europe 2001.

  4. 4.

    DATALAG (Svensk författningssamling [SFS] 1973:289); see Siepel 2001.

  5. 5.

    https://geert-hofstede.com/sweden.html.

  6. 6.

    https://www.stateoftheinternet.com/downloads/pdfs/Q4-2015-SOTI-Connectivity-Executive-Summary.pdf.

  7. 7.

    Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 109.

  8. 8.

    Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 110.

  9. 9.

    Eurobarometer 431 2015, pp. 110, 111.

  10. 10.

    Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 111.

  11. 11.

    Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 112.

  12. 12.

    Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 111.

  13. 13.

    Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 13.

  14. 14.

    Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 31.

  15. 15.

    Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 33

  16. 16.

    Elshout et al. 2016.

  17. 17.

    Elshout et al. 2016, Tables 7.19, p. 82 and 7.27, p. 88.

  18. 18.

    Elshout et al. 2016.

  19. 19.

    Elshout et al. 2016, p. 71.

  20. 20.

    Response from D-FRI to our enquiry (by Peter Michanek, secretary, March 2017).

  21. 21.

    Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 48

  22. 22.

    https://www.svd.se/allt-fler-svenskar-anonyma-pa-natet (1 May 2012, consulted 21 February 2017).

  23. 23.

    Münch 2013.

  24. 24.

    https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/do-swedes-do-internet-policy-and-regulation-sweden-snapshot.

  25. 25.

    http://www.datainspektionen.se/fragor-och-svar/personuppgiftslagen/fragor-och-svar-om-webbplatser-med-utgivningsbevis/.

  26. 26.

    https://digitaliseringskommissionen.se/in-english/.

  27. 27.

    Digitaliseringens transformerande kraft – vägval för framtiden.

  28. 28.

    http://www.regeringen.se/pressmeddelanden/2015/11/digitaliseringskommissionens-arbete-fortsatter-ett-ar-till/ (consulted 16 March 2018).

  29. 29.

    Digitaliseringskommissionen 2015.

  30. 30.

    Digitaliseringskommissionen 2015, pp. 151–179.

  31. 31.

    Digitaliseringskommissionen 2015, pp. 71–95.

  32. 32.

    https://www.mp.se/politik/internet-och-integritet.

  33. 33.

    https://www.socialdemokraterna.se/upload/Internationellt/Dokument/Political%20guidelines.pdf (p. 92).

  34. 34.

    http://www.moderat.se/integritet (3 November 2015, consulted 21 February 2017).

  35. 35.

    http://www.moderat.se/ett-tryggare-linkoping/trygghet-kontra-integritet (13 June 2014, consulted 21 February 2017).

  36. 36.

    https://sd.se/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Kriminalprogram_2015-10-26.pdf (p. 7).

  37. 37.

    http://www.dn.se/stories/dn-granskar-vara-overvakade-liv/ (31 August-2 September 2015, consulted 17 February 2017).

  38. 38.

    http://www.svt.se/opinion/article3451479.svt (7 September 2015; consulted 17 February 2017).

  39. 39.

    http://www.aftonbladet.se/senastenytt/ttnyheter/inrikes/article24398726.ab (13 February 2017, consulted 17 February 2017).

  40. 40.

    Inventory of online news content of Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet, and Dagens Media (consulted 17 February 2017).

  41. 41.

    https://cio.idg.se/2.1782/1.675960/gdpr-cio-forberedelser (consulted 20 February 2017).

  42. 42.

    http://www.bcs.org/content/conWebDoc/42623.

  43. 43.

    http://thehackernews.com/2014/12/anonymous-pirate-bay.html.

  44. 44.

    https://news.spotify.com/us/2014/05/27/important-notice-to-our-users/.

  45. 45.

    http://www.sverigeskonsumenter.se/nyheter-press/pressmeddelanden/sveriges-konsumenter-anmaler-traningsapp/ (published 30 March 2016).

  46. 46.

    LinkLaters Data Protected, https://clientsites.linklaters.com/Clients/dataprotected/Pages/Sweden.aspx.

  47. 47.

    LinkLaters Data Protected, https://clientsites.linklaters.com/Clients/dataprotected/Pages/Sweden.aspx.

  48. 48.

    LinkLaters Data Protected, https://clientsites.linklaters.com/Clients/dataprotected/Pages/Sweden.aspx.

  49. 49.

    https://www.dfri.se/dfri/.

  50. 50.

    Response from D-FRI to our enquiry (by Peter Michanek, secretary, March 2017).

  51. 51.

    Dagens Nyheter 2016.

  52. 52.

    https://www.dfri.se/mobilkartlaggning-bryter-mot-lagen/, http://www.datainspektionen.se/Documents/beslut/2015-06-23-vasteras.pdf.

  53. 53.

    https://dataskydd.net/om.

  54. 54.

    Privacy International 2016.

  55. 55.

    Privacy International 2016.

  56. 56.

    http://www.regeringen.se/regeringens-politik/regeringens-prioriteringar/.

  57. 57.

    Policy Statement of the Swedish government, 2014, p. 19.

  58. 58.

    Memorandum 23 April 2010, Question 18, pp. 14–15.

  59. 59.

    Memorandum 23 April 2010, Questions 19–21, pp. 14–18.

  60. 60.

    http://www.government.se/how-sweden-is-governed/swedish-legislation---how-laws-are-made/.

  61. 61.

    https://professorsblogg.com/2008/09/22/sweden-the-surveillance-law-fra-debate/.

  62. 62.

    http://www.regeringen.se/informationsmaterial/2006/12/personal-data-protection/, last consulted 9 December 2016.

  63. 63.

    Datainspektionens årsredovisning 2014 – Dnr 231-2015, p. 8.

  64. 64.

    https://www.joomag.com/en/newsstand/integritet-i-fokus/M0368835001443601288.

  65. 65.

    DATALAG (Svensk författningssamling [SFS] 1973:289); see Siepel 2001.

  66. 66.

    http://www.loc.gov/law/help/online-privacy-law/2017/sweden.php (last consulted 26 March 2018).

  67. 67.

    This distinction is mentioned in Siepel 2001, supra note 1, at 119.

  68. 68.

    Carlén-Wendels 2000.

  69. 69.

    For more information and general background description concerning the laws and regulations in Sweden owing to the Directive 95/46/EC that oversee the processing of personal data, we received the following documents and references:

    • “Questionnaire for Member States on the Implementation of Directive 95/46/EC” and “Annex 1–4”

    • “Myndighetsdatalag SOU 2015:39” a publication in the Swedish Government Official Reports (SOU Series) (chapter 3.2.2 and chapters 4.1.2–4.2.2.).

  70. 70.

    Cf. the Thomson Reuters Practical Law Privacy in Sweden Overview: http://uk.practicallaw.com/3-385-8827.

  71. 71.

    http://www.datainspektionen.se/lagar-och-regler/eus-dataskyddsreform/.

  72. 72.

    Thomson Reuters Practical Law Privacy in Sweden Overview: http://uk.practicallaw.com/3-385-8827.

  73. 73.

    Boddewyn 1985.

  74. 74.

    http://www.corporategovernanceboard.se/about-the-board/swedish-self-regulation.

  75. 75.

    http://iclg.com/practice-areas/data-protection/data-protection-2016/sweden.

  76. 76.

    http://www.iva.se/publicerat/hog-etik-kan-bli-svensk-konkurrensfordel/.

  77. 77.

    https://iclg.com/practice-areas/data-protection/data-protection-2017/sweden.

  78. 78.

    https://iclg.com/practice-areas/data-protection/data-protection-2017/sweden.

  79. 79.

    Datainspektionen 2015, p. 10.

  80. 80.

    http://www.datainspektionen.se/lagar-och-regler/personuppgiftslagen/inbyggd-integritet-privacy-by-design/.

  81. 81.

    http://www.datainspektionen.se/Documents/faktabroschyr-allmannarad-sakerhet.pdf.

  82. 82.

    http://www.government.se/government-of-sweden/ministry-of-justice/.

  83. 83.

    https://www.datainspektionen.se/.

  84. 84.

    Törngren 2010, Answer to question 15.

  85. 85.

    http://www.datainspektionen.se/.

  86. 86.

    Datainspektionens årsredovisning 2014 – Dnr 231-2015, p. 29. https://www.datainspektionen.se/Documents/arsredovisning-2014.pdf.

  87. 87.

    Törngren 2010, Answer to question 5.

  88. 88.

    http://www.pts.se/sv/Om-PTS/.

  89. 89.

    Library of Congress, Online Privacy catalogue www.loc.gov/law/help/online-privacy-law/sweden.php.

  90. 90.

    Törngren 2010, Answer to question 5.

  91. 91.

    Törngren 2010, Answer to question 5.

  92. 92.

    http://uk.practicallaw.com/8-502-0348?service=ipandit.

  93. 93.

    LAGEN OM ELEKTRONISK KOMMUNIKATION [LEK] (SFS 2003:389), http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/lag-2003389-om-elektronisk-kommunikation_sfs-2003-389.

  94. 94.

    http://www.pts.se/globalassets/startpage/dokument/icke-legala-dokument/pm/2017/internet/plan-pts-tillsyn-saker-konfidentiell-kommunikation.pdf.

  95. 95.

    See http://www.pts.se/.

  96. 96.

    Törngren 2010, Answer to question 8.

  97. 97.

    Törngren 2010, Answer to question 9.

  98. 98.

    Törngren 2010, Answer to question 10.

  99. 99.

    http://www.datainspektionen.se/Documents/beslut/2016-03-03-samordningsforbund.pdf.

  100. 100.

    http://www.datainspektionen.se/Documents/beslut/2016-02-18-paraga.pdf.

  101. 101.

    Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 51.

  102. 102.

    Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 56.

  103. 103.

    Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 76 – percentages are among respondents who indicate they want to be informed.

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  1. Leiden Law School, eLaw (Center for Law and Digital Technologies), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Bart Custers, Alan M. Sears, Francien Dechesne, Ilina Georgieva, Tommaso Tani & Simone van der Hof

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Custers, B., Sears, A.M., Dechesne, F., Georgieva, I., Tani, T., van der Hof, S. (2019). Sweden. In: EU Personal Data Protection in Policy and Practice. Information Technology and Law Series, vol 29. T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-282-8_4

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