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The Rights of Participating Victims to Appeal and Participate in the Appeal Against Interlocutory Decisions and Trial Judgments

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Victim Participation in International Criminal Justice

Part of the book series: International Criminal Justice Series ((ICJS,volume 11))

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Abstract

Appeals against decisions at international criminal courts can generally be classified into appeals against interlocutory decisions (rulings made by a court before rendering a judgment in the case) and appeals against judgments, of acquittal, conviction, sentencing and reparations. All three courts analysed in this chapter—the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC), the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL)—provide victims participating in the proceedings with varying degrees of entitlements in respect to such appeals. This chapter provides an overview of these rights. First, it addresses the rights of participating victims to lodge interlocutory appeals in their own right. Then it looks at the extent to which victims can participate in the interlocutory appeals of the (other) parties and the procedure that must be followed. On this basis, it provides a comparative table of the different approaches adopted by the three courts as regards victims’ rights in interlocutory appeals. Secondly, the chapter reviews the rights of participating victims to appeal judgments on acquittals, conviction, sentencing and reparations as well as their entitlement to participate in such appeals. The comparative conclusions as to the rights of participating victims in appeals against judgments are also organised into a table for better clarity. Finally, the chapter highlights the key points to be remembered in relation to victims’ rights in interlocutory and final appeals.

Kinga Tibori-Szabó is legal officer for the Kosovo Specialist Chambers. She has previously worked for the Legal Representative of Victims at the Special Tribunal for Lebanon. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the employing organisations.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    See Chaps. 2 and 13.

  2. 2.

    At the ECCC, the term ‘interlocutory appeals’ is not ordinarily used.

  3. 3.

    ECCC Internal Rules, Rule 73(a).

  4. 4.

    ECCC, Case 002, Pre-Trial Chamber, Decision on Appeal of Co-Lawyers for Civil Parties Against Order Rejecting Request to Interview Persons Named in the Forced Marriage and Enforced Disappearance Requests for Investigative Action, 21 July 2010.

  5. 5.

    ECCC, Case 002, Pre-Trial Chamber, Decision on Appeal of Co-Lawyers for Civil Parties Against Order on Civil Parties’ Request for Investigative Actions Concerning All Properties Owned by the Charged Persons, 4 August 2010, para 1.

  6. 6.

    ECCC, Case 002, Pre-Trial Chamber, Decision on Appeal of Co-Lawyers for Civil Parties Against Order on Civil Parties’ Request for Investigative Actions Concerning All Properties Owned by the Charged Persons, 4 August 2010, para 16.

  7. 7.

    ECCC, Law on the Establishment of the Extraordinary Chambers, with inclusion of amendments as promulgated on 27 October 2004 (NS/RKM/1004/006), Article 36 new.

  8. 8.

    ECCC Internal Rules, Rule 104(4).

  9. 9.

    ECCC, Case 001, Supreme Court Chamber, Decision on the Appeals Filed by Lawyers for Civil Parties (Groups 2 and 3) against the Trial Chamber’s Oral Decisions of 27 August 2009, 24 December 2009, paras 10–12.

  10. 10.

    ECCC Internal Rules, Rule 104(4).

  11. 11.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Trial Chamber I, Decision on two requests for leave to appeal the “Decision on the request by DRCDOl-WWWW-0019 for special protective measures relating to his asylum application” (Reclassified as public), ICC-01/04-01/06-2779, 4 August 2011, paras 10–24; ICC, The Office of Public Counsel for Victims, Representing Victims before the International Criminal Court, A Manual for Legal Representatives Manual, 2014, pp. 23–24.

  12. 12.

    STL RPE, Rule 126. Some decisions can be appealed without certification, e.g.: decisions regarding jurisdiction (Rule 11(D) and (F)), decisions regarding deferral to Lebanon (Rule 17(H)), orders of safe conduct (Rule 81(C)), decisions denying victim participation (Rule 86(C)), orders on provisional detention (Rule 88(B)), decisions on motions challenging jurisdiction (Rule 90(B)(i)), decisions regarding exceptional gathering of evidence (Rule 92(D)), decision on release (Rule 102(C)), decisions on the appearance of the accused during in absentia proceedings (Rule 108(C)), certain decisions on non-disclosure (Rule 116(D) and Rule 118(K)), decisions on special counsel (Rule 119(D)), and state request for review (Rule 178).

  13. 13.

    STL, Prosecutor v. Ayyash et al., LRV, Motion of the Legal Representative of Victims Seeking Certification of the “Decision on the Legal Representative Of Victims’ First, Second And Third Motions for Protective Measures for Victims Participating in the Proceedings”, STL-11-01/PT/PTJ, 21 December 2012.

  14. 14.

    STL, Prosecutor v. Ayyash et al., Pre-Trial Judge, Decision on the Motion of the Legal Representative of Victims Seeking Certification to Appeal the Decision of 19 December 2012 on Protective Measures, STL-11-01/PT/PTJ, 30 January 2013.

  15. 15.

    STL, Prosecutor v. Ayyash et al., LRV, Appeal of the Legal Representative of Victims Against the Decision of the Pre-Trial Judge Refusing Protective Measures, STL-11-01/PT/AC/AR126.3, 8 February 2013, para 22.

  16. 16.

    STL, Prosecutor v. Ayyash et al., Appeals Chamber, Decision on Appeal by Legal Representative of Victims Against Pre-Trial Judge’s Decision on Protective Measures, STL-11-01/PT/AC/AR126.3, 10 April 2013, para 10.

  17. 17.

    STL, Prosecutor v. Ayyash et al., Appeals Chamber, Decision on Appeal by Legal Representative of Victims Against Pre-Trial Judge’s Decision on Protective Measures, STL-11-01/PT/AC/AR126.3, 10 April 2013, para 13.

  18. 18.

    STL, Prosecutor v. Ayyash et al., Appeals Chamber, Decision on Appeal by Legal Representative of Victims Against Pre-Trial Judge’s Decision on Protective Measures, STL-11-01/PT/AC/AR126.3, 10 April 2013, para 15.

  19. 19.

    ECCC Internal Rules, Rules 74(2) and 74(3)(f).

  20. 20.

    ECCC, Case 002, Pre-Trial Chamber, Decision on Civil Party Participation in Provisional Detention Appeals, 20 March 2008, para 49.

  21. 21.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Laurent Gbagbo and Charles Blé Goudé, Appeals Chamber, Reasons for the “Decision on the ‘Request for the recognition of the right of victims authorized to participate in the case to automatically participate in any interlocutory appeal arising from the case and, in the alternative, application to participate in the interlocutory appeal against the ninth decision on Mr. Gbagbo’s detention (ICC-02/11-01/15-134-Red3)’”, ICC-02/11-01/15-172, 31 July 2015, para 16.

  22. 22.

    ICC, Situation in Darfur, Sudan, Appeals Chamber, Decision on Victim Participation in the appeal of the Office of Public Counsel for the Defence against Pre-Trial Chamber I’s Decision of 3 December 2007 and in the appeals of the Prosecutor and the Office of Public Counsel for the Defence against Pre-Trial Chamber I’s Decision of 6 December 2007, ICC-02/05-138, 18 June 2008, para 20; ICC, Situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Appeals Chamber, Decision on Victim Participation in the appeal of the Office of Public Counsel for the Defence against Pre-Trial Chamber I’s Decision of 7 December 2007 and in the appeals of the Prosecutor and the Office of Public Counsel for the Defence against Pre-Trial Chamber I’s Decision of 24 December 2007, ICC-01/04-503, 30 June 2008, para 89. See also ICC, Prosecutor v. Joseph Kony et al., Appeals Chamber, Decision on the participation of victims in the appeal, ICC-02/04-01/05-324, 27 October 2008, paras 7–8; ICC, Prosecutor v. Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the Second Application by Victims a/0443/09–a/0450/09 to Participate in the Appeal against the “Decision on the Prosecution’s Application for a Warrant of Arrest against Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, ICC-02/05-01/09-70,” 28 January 2010, para 9; ICC, Prosecutor v. Abdallah Banda Abakaer Nourain and Saleh Mohammed Jerbo Jamus, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the participation of victims in the appeal, ICC-02/05-03/09-470, 6 May 2013, para 11.

  23. 23.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Appeals Chamber, Judgment on the appeal of Mr. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo against the decision of Pre-Trial Chamber I entitled “Décision sur la demande de mise en liberté provisoire de Thomas Lubanga Dyilo”, 01/04-01/06-824, 13 February 2007, para 55.

  24. 24.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Appeals Chamber, Response of Victims a/0001/06, a/0002/06 and a/0003/06 to the appeal of the Defence from the Decision on the application for interim release of Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, ICC-01/04-01/06-704-tEN, 16 November 2006.

  25. 25.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Appeals Chamber, Judgment on the appeal of Mr. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo against the decision of Pre-Trial Chamber I entitled “Décision sur la demande de mise en liberté provisoire de Thomas Lubanga Dyilo”, 01/04-01/06-824, 13 February 2007, para 37.

  26. 26.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Appeals Chamber, Judgment on the appeal of Mr. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo against the decision of Pre-Trial Chamber I entitled “Décision sur la demande de mise en liberté provisoire de Thomas Lubanga Dyilo”, 01/04-01/06-824, 13 February 2007, paras 40 and 43.

  27. 27.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Appeals Chamber, Judgment on the appeal of Mr. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo against the decision of Pre-Trial Chamber I entitled “Décision sur la demande de mise en liberté provisoire de Thomas Lubanga Dyilo”, 01/04-01/06-824, 13 February 2007, para 40.

  28. 28.

    ICC, Situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Appeals Chamber, Decision of the Appeals Chamber on the OPCV’s request for clarification and the legal representatives’ request for extension of time and Order of the Appeals Chamber on the date of filing of applications for participation and on the time of the filing of the responses thereto by the OPCD and the Prosecutor, ICC-01/04-450, 13 February 2008, para 1; Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Appeals Chamber, Decision, in limine, on Victim Participation in the appeals of the Prosecutor and the Defence against Trial Chamber I’s Decision entitled “Decision on Victims’ Participation”, ICC-01/04-01/06-1335, 16 May 2008, paras 13, 37–50; ICC, Situation in Darfur, Sudan, Appeals Chamber, Decision on Victim Participation in the appeal of the Office of Public Counsel for the Defence against Pre-Trial Chamber I’s Decision of 3 December 2007 and in the appeals of the Prosecutor and the Office of Public Counsel for the Defence against Pre-Trial Chamber I’s Decision of 6 December 2007, ICC-02/05-13, 18 June 2008, paras 49 and 51; Prosecutor v. Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo, Appeals Chamber, Reasons for the “Decision on the Participation of Victims in the Appeal against the “Decision on the Interim Release of Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo and Convening Hearings with the Kingdom of Belgium, the Republic of Portugal, the Republic of France, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Italian Republic, and the Republic of South Africa’”, ICC-01/05-01/08-566, 20 October 2009, paras 13–14; Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the Participation of Victims in the Appeal of Mr. Katanga Against the “Decision on the Modalities of Victim Participation at Trial”, ICC-01/04-01/07-2124, 24 May 2010, para 5; ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the Participation of Victims in the Appeal against Trial Chamber I’s Decision to Stay the Proceedings, ICC-01/04-01/06-2556, 18 August 2010, para 9; Prosecutor v. Laurent Gbagbo, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the application by victims for participation in the appeal, ICC-02/11-01/11, 27 August 2013, para 9; Prosecutor v. Uhuru Kenyatta, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the victims’ request to participate in the appeal proceedings, ICC-01/09-02/11, 24 April 2015, para 8.

  29. 29.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Appeals Chamber, Decision, in limine, on Victim Participation in the appeals of the Prosecutor and the Defence against Trial Chamber I’s Decision entitled “Decision on Victims’ Participation”, ICC-01/04-01/06-1335, 16 May 2008, paras 35–36; ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Judgment on the appeal of Mr. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo against the decision of Pre-Trial Chamber I entitled “Décision sur la demande de mise en liberté provisoire de Thomas Lubanga Dyilo”, Appeals Chamber, 01/04-01/06-824, 13 February 2007, paras 43–44; See also Situation in Darfur, Sudan, Appeals Chamber, Decision on Victim Participation in the appeal of the Office of Public Counsel for the Defence against Pre-Trial Chamber I’s Decision of 3 December 2007 and in the appeals of the Prosecutor and the Office of Public Counsel for the Defence against Pre-Trial Chamber I’s Decision of 6 December 2007, ICC-02/05-138, 18 June 2008, para 23; Situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Appeals Chamber, Decision on Victim Participation in the appeal of the Office of Public Counsel for the Defence against Pre-Trial Chamber I’s Decision of 7 December 2007 and in the appeals of the Prosecutor and the Office of Public Counsel for the Defence against Pre-Trial Chamber I’s Decision of 24 December 2007, ICC-01/04-503, 30 June 2008, paras 88–98; Situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Appeals Chamber, Decision of the Appeals Chamber on the OPCV’s request for clarification and the legal representatives’ request for extension of time and Order of the Appeals Chamber on the date of filing of applications for participation and on the time of the filing of the responses thereto by the OPCD and the Prosecutor, ICC-01/04-450, 13 February 2008, para 1; Situation in Darfur, Sudan, Appeals Chamber, Decision of the Appeals Chamber on the OPCV’s request for clarification and Order of the Appeals Chamber on the date of filing of applications for participation and on the time of the filing of the responses thereto by the OPCD and the Prosecutor, ICC-02/05-129, 29 February 2008, para 1; Prosecutor v. Callixte Mbarushimana, Decision on the “Requete tendant à obtenir autorisation de participer à la procédure d’appel contre la ‘Décision relative à la confirmation des charges’ (ICC-01/04-01/10-465-Conf-tFRA)”, Appeals Chamber, ICC-01/04-01/10-509, 2 April 2012, paras 6–9.

  30. 30.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Appeals Chamber, Judgment on the appeal of Mr. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo against the decision of Pre-Trial Chamber I entitled “Décision sur la demande de mise en liberté provisoire de Thomas Lubanga Dyilo”, 01/04-01/06-824, 13 February 2007, para 45; Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Decision, in limine, on Victim Participation in the appeals of the Prosecutor and the Defence against Trial Chamber I’s Decision entitled “Decision on Victims’ Participation”, ICC-01/04-01/06-1335, 16 May 2008, paras 16, 37–40; Prosecutor v. Laurent Gbagbo, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the application by victims for participation in the appeal, ICC-02/11-01/11, 27 August 2013, para 10.

  31. 31.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui, Decision on the Participation of Victims in the Appeal of Mr. Katanga Against the “Decision on the Modalities of Victim Participation at Trial”, ICC-01/04-01/07-2124, 24 May 2010, para 6.

  32. 32.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the Participation of Victims in the Appeal against the “Decision on Applications for Provisional Release” of Trial Chamber III, ICC-01/05-01/08-1597, 14 July 2011, paras 13–14; Appeals, Chamber, Decision on “Application of Legal Representative of Victims Mr. Zarambaud Assingambi for leave to participate in the appeals proceedings following the Defence appeal of 9 January 2012 and addendum of 10 January 2012”, ICC-01/05-01/08-2098, 1 February 2012, para 12.

  33. 33.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Appeals Chamber, Decision of the Appeals Chamber on the Joint Application of Victims a/0001/06–a/0003/06 and a/0105/06 concerning the ‘Directions and Decision of the Appeals Chamber’ of 2 February 2007, ICC-01/04-01/06-925, 13 June 2007, para 28; See also ICC, Prosecutor v. Callixte Mbarushimana, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the “Requete tendant à obtenir autorisation de participer à la procédure d’appel contre la ‘Décision relative à la confirmation des charges’ (ICC-01/04-01/10-465-Conf-tFRA)”, ICC-01/04-01/10-509, 2 April 2012, para 9; Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the Participation of Victims in the Appeal of Mr. Katanga Against the “Decision on the Modalities of Victim Participation at Trial”, ICC-01/04-01/07-2124, 24 May 2010, para 7; Prosecutor v. Laurent Gbagbo, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the application by victims for participation in the appeal, ICC-02/11-01/11, 27 August 2013, para 11.

  34. 34.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Joseph Kony et al., Appeals Chamber, Decision on the participation of victims in the appeal, ICC-02/04-01/05-324, 27 October 2008, paras 11–14; Prosecutor v. Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo, Appeals Chamber, Reasons for the “Decision on the Participation of Victims in the Appeal” against the “Decision on the Interim Release of Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo and Convening Hearings with the Kingdom of Belgium, the Republic of Portugal, the Republic of France, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Italian Republic, and the Republic of South Africa”, ICC-01/05-01/08-566, 20 October 2009, para 15; ICC, Prosecutor v. Callixte Mbarushimana, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the “Requete tendant à obtenir autorisation de participer à la procédure d’appel contre la ‘Décision relative à la confirmation des charges’ (ICC-01/04-01/10-465-Conf-tFRA)”, ICC-01/04-01/10-509, 2 April 2012, para 9.

  35. 35.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the Participation of Victims in the Appeal against the “Decision on the review of the detention of Mr. Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo pursuant to Rule 118(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence” of Trial Chamber III, ICC-01/05-01/08-857, 18 August 2010, para 10.

  36. 36.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Appeals Chamber, Judgment on the appeal of Mr. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo against the decision of Pre-Trial Chamber I entitled “Décision sur la demande de mise en liberté provisoire de Thomas Lubanga Dyilo”, 01/04-01/06-824, 13 February 2007, para 54; Prosecutor v. Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo, Appeals Chamber, Reasons for the “Decision on the Participation of Victims in the Appeal against the “Decision on the Interim Release of Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo and Convening Hearings with the Kingdom of Belgium, the Republic of Portugal, the Republic of France, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Italian Republic, and the Republic of South Africa”, ICC-01/05-01/08-566, 20 October 2009, para 17; ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Decision on the Participation of Victims in the Appeal against Trial Chamber I’s Oral Decision of 15 July 2010 to Release Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Appeals Chamber, ICC-01/04-01/06-2555, 17 August 2010, para 18; Prosecutor v. Laurent Gbagbo, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the application by victims for participation in the appeal, ICC-02/11-01/11, 27 August 2013, para 11.

  37. 37.

    Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the Participation of Victims in the Appeal against Trial Chamber I’s Decision to Stay the Proceedings, ICC-01/04-01/06-2556, 18 August 2010, para 9; Prosecutor v. Uhuru Kenyatta, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the victims’ request to participate in the appeal proceedings, ICC-01/09-02/11-1015, 24 April 2015, para 11.

  38. 38.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the application of victims to participate in the appeal against Trial Chamber II’s decision on the implementation of regulation 55 of the Regulations of the Court, ICC-01/04-01/07-3346, 17 January 2013, paras 6, 7, 9.

  39. 39.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the Participation of Victims in the Appeal of Mr. Katanga Against the “Decision on the Modalities of Victim Participation at Trial”, ICC-01/04-01/07-2124, 24 May 2010, para 7.

  40. 40.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Abdallah Banda Abakaer Nourain and Saleh Mohammed Jerbo Jamus, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the participation of victims in the appeal, ICC-02/05-03/09-470, 6 May 2013, paras 12.

  41. 41.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Appeals Chamber, Decision of the Appeals Chamber on the Joint Application of Victims a/0001/06 to a/0003/06 and a/0105/06 concerning the ‘Directions and Decision of the Appeals Chamber’ of 2 February 2007, ICC-01/04-01/06-925, 13 June 2007, paras 24–28.

  42. 42.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Joseph Kony et al., Appeals Chamber, Decision on the participation of victims in the appeal, ICC-02/04-01/05-324, 27 October 2008, para 14; ICC, Prosecutor v. Callixte Mbarushimana, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the “Requete tendant à obtenir autorisation de participer à la procédure d’appel contre la ‘Décision relative à la confirmation des charges’ (ICC-01/04-01/10-465-Conf-tFRA)”, ICC-01/04-01/10-509, 2 April 2012, para 9.

  43. 43.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Appeals Chamber, Judgment on the appeal of Mr. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo against the decision of Pre-Trial Chamber I entitled “Décision sur la demande de mise en liberté provisoire de Thomas Lubanga Dyilo”, 01/04-01/06-824, 13 February 2007, Dissenting Opinion of Judge Sang-Hyun Song Regarding the Participation of Victims, para 3. See also: Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Appeals Chamber, Decision, in limine, on Victim Participation in the appeals of the Prosecutor and the Defence against Trial Chamber I’s Decision entitled “Decision on Victims’ Participation”, ICC-01/04-01/06-1335, 16 May 2008, Dissenting opinion by Judge Song, paras 3–7; ICC, Situation in Darfur, Sudan, Appeals Chamber, Decision on Victim Participation in the appeal of the Office of Public Counsel for the Defence against Pre-Trial Chamber I’s Decision of 3 December 2007 and in the appeals of the Prosecutor and the Office of Public Counsel for the Defence against Pre-Trial Chamber I’s Decision of 6 December 2007, ICC-02/05-138, 18 June 2008, Partly dissenting opinion by Judge Song, para 3; ICC, Situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Appeals Chamber, Decision on Victim Participation in the appeal of the Office of Public Counsel for the Defence against Pre-Trial Chamber I’s Decision of 7 December 2007 and in the appeals of the Prosecutor and the Office of Public Counsel for the Defence against Pre-Trial Chamber I’s Decision of 24 December 2007, ICC-01/04-503, 30 June 2008, Partly dissenting opinion by Judge Song, paras 1–2; ICC, Prosecutor v. Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the Participation of Victims in the Appeal against the “Decision on the Interim Release of Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo and Convening Hearings with the Kingdom of Belgium, the Republic of Portugal, the Republic of France, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Italian Republic, and the Republic of South Africa”, Appeals Chamber, ICC-01/05-01/08-623, Dissenting opinion by Judge Song, 27 November 2009, paras 3–4; ICC, Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the Participation of Victims in the Appeal of Mr. Katanga Against the “Decision on the Modalities of Victim Participation at Trial”, ICC-01/04-01/07-2124, 24 May 2010, Separate opinion of Judge Song, p. 8.

  44. 44.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Appeals Chamber, Judgment on the appeals of Mr. Lubanga Dyilo and the Prosecutor against the Decision of Trial Chamber I of 14 July 2009 entitled “Decision giving notice to the parties and participants that the legal characterisation of the facts may be subject to change in accordance with Regulation 55(2) of the Regulations of the Court”, ICC-01/04-01/06-2205, Separate opinion of Judge Song and Judge Van den Wyngaert, 8 December 2009, p. 42.

  45. 45.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, LRV, Application by the OPCV in its Capacity as Legal Representative of Victims a/0047/06, a/0048/06, a/0050/06, and a/0052/06 to Participate in the Interlocutory Appeal Lodged by the Prosecution Challenging the Oral Decision of Trial Chamber I of 15 July, ICC-01/04-01/06-2535-tENG, 23 July 2010.

  46. 46.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Laurent Gbagbo and Charles Blé Goudé, Appeals Chamber, Reasons for the “Decision on the ‘Request for the recognition of the right of victims authorized to participate in the case to automatically participate in any interlocutory appeal arising from the case and, in the alternative, application to participate in the interlocutory appeal against the ninth decision on Mr. Gbagbo’s detention (ICC-02/11-01/15-134-Red3)’”, ICC-02/11-01/15-172, 31 July 2015, para 16.

  47. 47.

    Ibid., para 14.

  48. 48.

    Ibid., paras 15–17.

  49. 49.

    Ibid., para 18.

  50. 50.

    STL, Prosecutor v. Ayyash et al., Appeals Chamber, Decision on Interlocutory Appeal against the Trial Chamber’s Decision Regarding the Conditions of Assignment of Defence Expert Consultant, STL-11-01/T/AC/AR126.10, 3 May 2016, paras 16–17. The interlocutory appeal was lodged after a four-year long debate regarding the conditions of assignment of a defence expert consultant. For a detailed procedural background see the cited Appeals Chamber decision, paras 2–11.

  51. 51.

    STL, Prosecutor v. Ayyash et al., Appeals Chamber, Decision on Interlocutory Appeal against the Trial Chamber’s Decision Regarding the Conditions of Assignment of Defence Expert Consultant, STL-11-01/T/AC/AR126.10, 3 May 2016, para 16.

  52. 52.

    Ibid., para 17.

  53. 53.

    Ibid., para 18.

  54. 54.

    STL, Prosecutor v. Ayyash et al., Appeals Chamber, Decision on the Request of the Legal Representative of Victims Seeking Leave to Respond to the Badreddine Defence Interlocutory Appeal, STL-11-01/T/AC/AR126.11, 17 June 2016.

  55. 55.

    Ibid., paras 3, 5.

  56. 56.

    ECCC Internal Rules, Rule 75(1).

  57. 57.

    See Chap. 2.

  58. 58.

    ECCC Internal Rules, Rule 104(4).

  59. 59.

    Ibid., Rule 105(2).

  60. 60.

    Ibid., Rule 107(2).

  61. 61.

    Ibid., Rule 107(3). See also Internal Rules, Rule 82(6) for the procedure for release from provisional detention.

  62. 62.

    ECCC Internal Rules, Rule 106(2)–(4).

  63. 63.

    ICC RPE, Rule 154(1).

  64. 64.

    ICC RPE, Rule 154(2).

  65. 65.

    ICC RPE, Rule 155(1).

  66. 66.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Laurent Gbagbo and Charles Blé Goudé, Appeals Chamber, Reasons for the “Decision on the ‘Request for the recognition of the right of victims authorized to participate in the case to automatically participate in any interlocutory appeal arising from the case and, in the alternative, application to participate in the interlocutory appeal against the ninth decision on Mr. Gbagbo’s detention (ICC-02/11-01/15-134-Red3)’”, ICC-02/11-01/15-172, 31 July 2015, paras 14–18.

  67. 67.

    ICC RPE, Rule 156(1) and (2). ICC, Situation in Darfur, Sudan, Appeals Chamber, Decision on Victim Participation in the appeal of the Office of Public Counsel for the Defence against Pre-Trial Chamber I’s Decision of 3 December 2007 and in the appeals of the Prosecutor and the Office of Public Counsel for the Defence against Pre-Trial Chamber I’s Decision of 6 December 2007, ICC-02/05-138, 18 June 2008, para 26.

  68. 68.

    ICC, Situation in Darfur, Sudan, Appeals Chamber, Decision on Victim Participation in the appeal of the Office of Public Counsel for the Defence against Pre-Trial Chamber I’s Decision of 3 December 2007 and in the appeals of the Prosecutor and the Office of Public Counsel for the Defence against Pre-Trial Chamber I’s Decision of 6 December 2007, ICC-02/05-138, 18 June 2008, para 26; ICC, Situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Appeals Chamber, Decision on Victim Participation in the appeal of the Office of Public Counsel for the Defence against Pre-Trial Chamber I’s Decision of 7 December 2007 and in the appeals of the Prosecutor and the Office of Public Counsel for the Defence against Pre-Trial Chamber I’s Decision of 24 December 2007, ICC-01/04-503, 30 June 2008, para 39.

  69. 69.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Laurent Gbagbo and Charles Blé Goudé, Appeals Chamber, Reasons for the “Decision on the ‘Request for the recognition of the right of victims authorized to participate in the case to automatically participate in any interlocutory appeal arising from the case and, in the alternative, application to participate in the interlocutory appeal against the ninth decision on Mr. Gbagbo’s detention (ICC-02/11-01/15-134-Red3)’”, ICC-02/11-01/15-172, Appeals Chamber, 31 July 2015, para 21.

  70. 70.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Appeals Chamber, Decision, in limine, on Victim Participation in the appeals of the Prosecutor and the Defence against Trial Chamber I’s Decision entitled “Decision on Victims’ Participation”, ICC-01/04-01/06-1335,16 May 2008, para 13.

  71. 71.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo, Appeals Chamber, Reasons for the “Decision on the Participation of Victims in the Appeal against the ‘Decision on the Interim Release of Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo and Convening Hearings with the Kingdom of Belgium, the Republic of Portugal, the Republic of France, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Italian Republic, and the Republic of South Africa’”, ICC-01/05-01/08-566, 20 October 2009, para 15.

  72. 72.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Appeals Chamber, Judgment on the appeal of Mr. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo against the decision of Pre-Trial Chamber I entitled “Décision sur la demande de mise en liberté provisoire de Thomas Lubanga Dyilo”, 01/04-01/06-824, 13 February 2007, para 44.

  73. 73.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Appeals Chamber, Decision, in limine, on Victim Participation in the appeals of the Prosecutor and the Defence against Trial Chamber I’s Decision entitled “Decision on Victims’ Participation”, ICC-01/04-01/06-1335,16 May 2008, para 50.

  74. 74.

    STL, Prosecutor v. Ayyash et al., Appeals Chamber, Decision on Appeal by Legal Representative of Victims Against Pre-Trial Judge’s Decision on Protective Measures, STL-11-01/PT/AC/AR126.3, 10 April 2013, para 16.

  75. 75.

    ECCC, Law on the Establishment of the Extraordinary Chambers, with inclusion of amendments as promulgated on 27 October 2004 (NS/RKM/1004/006), Article 36 new.

  76. 76.

    ECCC Internal Rules, Rule 105(c).

  77. 77.

    ECCC, Case 002/01, Trial Chamber, Case 002/01 Judgment, Case No. 002/19-09-2007/ECCC/TC, 7 August 2014.

  78. 78.

    ECCC, Case 002/01, Defence for Nuon Chea, Notice of Appeal against the Judgment in Case 002/01, Case No. 002/19-09-2007/ECCC/SC, 29 September 2014; ECCC, Case 002/01, Defence for Khieu Samphan, Declaration d’appel de la Defense de M KHIEU Samphan contre le jugement rendu dans le proces 002/01, Case No. 002/19-09-2007/ECCC/SC, 29 September 2014; ECCC, Case 002/01, Office of the Co-Prosecutors, Co-Prosecutors’ Notice of Appeal of a Decision in Case 002/01, Case No. 002/19-09-2007/ECCC/SC, 29 September 2014.

  79. 79.

    ECCC, Case 002/01, Civil Parties, Civil Party Lead Co-Lawyers’ Requests Relating to the Appeals in Case 002/01, Case No. 002/19-09-2007-ECCC/SC, 24 November 2014, paras 2, 13–18.

  80. 80.

    ECCC, Case 002/01, Supreme Court Chamber, Decision on Civil Party Lead Co-Lawyers’ Requests Relating to the Appeals In Case 002/01, Case No. 002/19-09-2007-ECCC/SC, 26 December 2014, para 14.

  81. 81.

    Ibid.

  82. 82.

    Ibid.

  83. 83.

    Ibid., para 17.

  84. 84.

    ECCC Internal Rules, Rules 105–111.

  85. 85.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Trial Chamber, Judgment pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute, ICC-01/04-01/06-2842, 14 March 2012.

  86. 86.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Trial Chamber, Decision on Sentence pursuant to Article 76 of the Statute, ICC-01/04-01/06-2901, 10 July 2012.

  87. 87.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Defence for Thomas Lubanga, Notice of Appeal lodged by the Defence for Mr. Thomas Lubanga against Trial Chamber I’s Judgment pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute of 14 March 2012, ICC-01/04-01/06-2934, 3 October 2012; Defence for Thomas Lubanga, Notice of Appeal lodged by the Defence for Mr. Thomas Lubanga against Trial Chamber I’s Decision on sentence pursuant to Article 76 of the Statute of 10 July 2012, ICC-01/04-01/06-2935, 3 October 2012; Office of the Prosecutor, Prosecution’s Notice of Appeal against Trial Chamber I’s “Decision on Sentence pursuant to Article 76 of the Statute”, ICC-01/04-01/06-2933, 3 October 2012.

  88. 88.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the participation of victims in the appeals against Trial Chamber I’s conviction and sentencing decisions, ICC-01/04-01/06-2951, 13 December 2012.

  89. 89.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the participation of victims in the appeals against Trial Chamber I’s conviction and sentencing decisions, ICC-01/04-01/06-2951, 13 Dec. 2012, para 5.

  90. 90.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, LRV, Observations on the appeals against the decisions pursuant to Articles 74 and 76 of the Rome Statute, ICC-01/04-01/06-2966-Corr-Anx1-tENG, 4 February 2013, with a Corrigendum filed on 11 February 2013; ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, V02 LRV, Public Redacted Version Corrigendum Consolidated observations of the V02 team of Legal Representatives of Victims on the Defence and Prosecution appeals against the judgment and sentence pursuant to Articles 74 and 76 of the Rome Statute, ICC-01/04-01/06-2976-Corr-Red-tENG, 7 February 2013 with a Corrigendum filed on 8 February 2013.

  91. 91.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Office of the Prosecutor, Prosecution’s Response to the Observations of Legal Representatives Group V01, ICC-01/04-01/06-3004, 4 April 2013; Réplique de la Défense aux observations des Représentants légaux des groupes de victimes V01 et V02 sur les appels de la Défense relatifs au Jugement et à la Décision sur la peine et sur l’appel du Procureur relatif à la Décision sur la peine, ICC-01/04-01/06-3005-Red, 4 April 2013.

  92. 92.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Defence for Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Réplique de la Défense aux observations des Représentants légaux des groupes de victimes VOl et V02 sur les appels de la Défense relatifs au Jugement et à la Décision sur la peine et sur l’appel du Procureur relatif à la Décision sur la peine, ICC-01/04-01/06-3005-Red, 4 April 2013, para 7.

  93. 93.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Defence for Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Réplique de la Défense aux observations des Représentants légaux des groupes de victimes VOl et V02 sur les appels de la Défense relatifs au Jugement et à la Décision sur la peine et sur l’appel du Procureur relatif à la Décision sur la peine, ICC-01/04-01/06-3005-Red, 4 April 2013, para 6.

  94. 94.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Appeals Chamber, Public redacted Judgment on the appeal of Mr. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo against his conviction, ICC-01/04-01/06-3121-Red, 1 December 2014, para 36.

  95. 95.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the participation of anonymous victims in the appeal and on the maintenance of deceased victims on the list of participating victims, ICC-01/04-02/12-140, 23 September 2013.

  96. 96.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the victims’ requests to participate in the appeal proceedings, ICC-01/04-01/07-3505, 24 July 2014.

  97. 97.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga, Legal Representative of Victims, Observations des victimes sur le désistement d’appel du Procureur contre le jugement concernant G. Katanga, ICC-01/04-01/07-3499, 26 June 2014, para 3; ICC, Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga, Legal Representative of Victims, Communication du Représentant légal des victimes enfants soldats relative au double désistement d’appel dans le dossier Le Procureur c. Germain Katanga et Annexe publique, ICC-01/04-01/07-3501, 30 June 2014, Annex I, p. 2.

  98. 98.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga, Legal Representative of Victims, Communication du Représentant légal des victimes enfants soldats relative au double désistement d’appel dans le dossier Le Procureur c. Germain Katanga et Annexe publique, ICC-01/04-01/07-3501, 30 June 2014, Annex I, p. 3.

  99. 99.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga, Office of the Prosecutor, Prosecution’s Response to the Observations of the Legal Representative of the main group of Victims filed on 26 June 2014, ICC-01/04-01/07-3500, 27 June 2014, para 8; ICC, Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga, Office of the Prosecutor, Prosecution’s Response to the Communication of the Legal Representative of the child soldier group of victims, ICC-01/04-01/07-3502, 2 July 2014, para 3.

  100. 100.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the victims’ requests to participate in the appeal proceedings, ICC-01/04-01/07-3505, 24 July 2014.

  101. 101.

    On 7 March 2014, Trial Chamber II acquitted Germain Katanga of the charges of sexual slavery, rape and using child soldiers (Jugement rendu en application de l’article 74 du Statut, ICC-01/04-01/07-3436). In its initial notice of appeal, the Prosecution appealed only the acquittals for rape and sexual slavery and not that for using child soldiers. Prosecution’s Appeal against Trial Chamber II’s “Jugement rendu en application de l’article 74 du Statut”, ICC-01/04-01/07-3462, 9 April 2014.

  102. 102.

    ECCC Internal Rules, Rule 105(c); ICC Statute, Article 81(2)(a); STL RPE, Rule 177(B).

  103. 103.

    ECCC, Case 001, Trial Chamber, Decision on Civil Party Co-lawyers’ joint request for a ruling on the standing of Civil Party lawyers to make submissions on sentencing and directions concerning the questioning of the accused, experts and witnesses testifying on character, Case No. 001/18-07-2007/ECCC/TC, 9 October 2009.

  104. 104.

    ICC, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Appeals Chamber, Judgment on the appeals of the Prosecutor and Mr. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo against the “Decision on Sentence pursuant to Article 76 of the Statute”, 1 December 2014, ICC-01/04-01/06-3122, para 94.

  105. 105.

    See Chap. 13.

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    Kinga Tibori-Szabó

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Tibori-Szabó, K. (2017). The Rights of Participating Victims to Appeal and Participate in the Appeal Against Interlocutory Decisions and Trial Judgments. In: Tibori-Szabó, K., Hirst, M. (eds) Victim Participation in International Criminal Justice. International Criminal Justice Series, vol 11. T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-177-7_12

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