Trafficking in Persons (Article 28J) and Trafficking in Drugs (Article 28K)

Mninde-Silungwe, Fatuma

doi:10.1007/978-94-6265-150-0_7

Fatuma Mninde-Silungwe⁶

Part of the book series: International Criminal Justice Series ((ICJS,volume 10))

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Abstract

This chapter deals with two “transnational crimes” which the African Court of Justice and Human and Peoples’ Rights will be competent to deal with, namely trafficking in drugs and trafficking in persons. The author discusses the history of these two crimes which can be traced back, partly, to the UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances and to the Palermo Convention. The chapter analyzes the wording of the definitions of the two crimes in the Annex to the Malabo Protocol and considers their significance for the administration of international criminal justice in Africa. The chapter concludes by pointing out that the criminalization at the regional level is not an end in itself, and that the strengthening of national domestic laws in African states should become a priority.

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Notes

1.
Werle and Jeßberger 2014, p. 31.
2.
Ibid., p. 45.
3.
Ibid., p. 45.
4.
Boister 2012, p. 4; Mueller 2001, p. 13.
5.
Ambos 2013, p. 223; Werle and Jeßberger 2014, p. 46.
6.
Ibid.
7.
(2000) 2225 U.N.T.S. 209.
8.
Article 3 of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (1988); Article 5 of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) (hereinafter Trafficking in Persons Protocol).
9.
See UN General Assembly, “Traffic in Women and Girls”, UN Doc. A/RES/49/166 (1994); UN General Assembly, “Traffic in Women and Girls: Report of the Secretary-General”, UN Doc. A/50/369 (1995); Chuang 1998, p. 65; Gallagher 2010, pp. 12–54.
10.
Gallagher 2010, p. 11.
11.
Ibid., 13; International Convention for the Suppression of White Slavery Traffic (1904) 1 L.N.T.S 83.
12.
Gallagher 2010, p. 14.
13.
(1921) 9 L.N.T.S 415.
14.
(1933) 150 L.N.T.S 431.
15.
Gallagher 2010, p. 14.
16.
(1949) 96 U.N.T.S 271.
17.
Article 1(1) (2) of the 1949 Convention on Suppression of Traffic in Persons.
18.
Article 2(1) of the 1949 Convention on Suppression of Traffic in Persons.
19.
Article 2(2) of the 1949 Convention on Suppression of Traffic in Persons.
20.
Article 3 of the 1949 Convention on Suppression of Traffic in Persons.
21.
See Footnote 16.
22.
Para 17 of the Report of the Secretary-General (1995).
23.
Preamble and Article 2(a) of the Protocol on Trafficking in Persons.
24.
Article 3(a) of the Protocol on Trafficking in Persons.
25.
Gallagher 2010, p. 31.
26.
Ibid., p. 34; UNDOC Anti-Trafficking Practitioners Manual (2009) Module 1 at p. 4.
27.
Article 3(c), (d) of the Protocol on Trafficking in Persons.
28.
Article 3(b) of the Protocol on Trafficking in Persons.
29.
Par 1 Preamble to the Protocol on Trafficking in Persons.
30.
Article 2 of the Protocol on Trafficking in Persons.
31.
Article 5 of the Protocol on Trafficking in Persons.
32.
Article 5 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (1981) 1520 U.N.T.S 363.
33.
Article (2)(g) of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (2003).
34.
Article 29(a) of African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (1990).
35.
African Union 2006, The Ouagadougou Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings, Especially Women and Children.
36.
Preamble Ouagadougou Plan of Action.
37.
African Union 2014.
38.
(1936) 198 L.N.T.S 300.
39.
(1961) 520 U.N.T.S 151.
40.
(1972) 976 U.N.T.S 3.
41.
(1988) 1582 U.N.T.S 95.
42.
Ambos 2013, p. 235.
43.
Ambos 2013, p. 235; Article 36(1)(a) of the Single Convention on Drug Trafficking, 1961; Article 3(1) of the Vienna Convention, 1988.
44.
See Schedules of Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol (9 May 2015) ST/CND/1/Add.1/Rev.1; Schedules of the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 (4 November 2015) ST/CND/1/Add.2/Rev.1.
45.
Ambos 2013, 234–235.
46.
Article 25 of the Draft Code of Crimes against Peace and Security of Mankind (1991).
47.
African Union 1996, AHG/Decl.2 (XXXII).
48.
African Union 2002.
49.
Para 12 of the AU Plan of Action on Drug Control (2013–2017).
50.
Ibid.
51.
Article 28J(3) of the Malabo Protocol (Annex).
52.
Article 28J(4) of the Malabo Protocol (Annex).
53.
Article 28K(2) of the Malabo Protocol (Annex).
54.
Article 28K(3), (4) of the Malabo Protocol (Annex).
55.
See the chapter by van der Wilt in this book.
56.
Flows refers to origin country and destination country and includes domestic trafficking in which the origin and destination country coincide see UNDOC Global Report on Trafficking in Persons (2014) 37, 83.
57.
Ibid., p. 83.
58.
This is also recommended by the AU Khartoum Declaration on AU-Horn of Africa Initiative on Human Trafficking and Smuggling of Migrants (2014).
59.
See UNDOC Global Report on Trafficking in Persons (2014) 37, p. 84.
60.
Ibid.
61.
Ibid.
62.
Ibid.
63.
Para 12 AU Plan of Action on Drug Control (2013–2017).
64.
USAID The Development Response to Drug Trafficking in Africa: Programming Guide (2013), p 3, available at https://www.ids.ac.uk/files/dmfile/Development_Response_to_Drug_Trafficking_in_Africa_Programming_Guide.pdf.

References

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United Nations Development Programme, Elections Project, Lilongwe, Malawi
Fatuma Mninde-Silungwe

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Fatuma Mninde-Silungwe
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Correspondence to Fatuma Mninde-Silungwe .

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Faculty of Law, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Gerhard Werle
Faculty of Law, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Moritz Vormbaum

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Mninde-Silungwe, F. (2017). Trafficking in Persons (Article 28J) and Trafficking in Drugs (Article 28K). In: Werle, G., Vormbaum, M. (eds) The African Criminal Court. International Criminal Justice Series, vol 10. T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-150-0_7

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-150-0_7
Published: 01 December 2016
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