Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Inequalities in China’s Compulsory Education

Progress, Inadequacies, and Recommendations

  • Chapter
Spotlight on China

Part of the book series: Spotlight on China ((SPOT))

Abstract

In the last three decades, China has experienced massive economic development, with its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) increasing almost 42 times from 1,206 billion yuan in 1987 to 50,532 billion yuan in 2012. Like many developing countries, the rapid economic progress in China since the 1980s has had contradictory effects.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ayoroa, P., Bailey, B., Crossen, A., & Geo-JaJa, M. A. (2010). Education in China: The urban/rural disparity explained. In J. Zajda (Ed.), Globalisation, ideology and education policy reforms (pp. 89–113). The Netherlands: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, H. (2009). Inequality in basic education in China: A comprehensive review. International Journal of Educational Policies, 3(2), 81–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • China Daily. (2012, August 30). China approves new measures to narrow education gap. China Daily USA. Retrieved from http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2012-08/30/content_15718196.htm

    Google Scholar 

  • China Education Daily. (2012, September 12). Report on reducing illiterate rates and implementing nine years compulsory education among the young generation. Retrieved from http://www.moe.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/moe/s6832/201209/142013.html

    Google Scholar 

  • China Statistical Yearbook. (1997). Beijing: China Statistics Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • China Statistical Yearbook. (2004). Beijing: China Statistics Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • China Statistical Yearbook. (2007). Beijing: China Statistics Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connelly, R., & Zheng, Z. (2003). Determinants of school enrollment and completion of 10 to 18 year olds in China. Economics of Education Review, 22(4), 379–388.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dello-Iacovo, B. (2009). Curriculum reform and ‘quality education’ in China: An overview. International Journal of Educational Development, 29(3), 241–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ginn, N. (1996). Guest editorial essay and presidential address. Comparative Education Review, 40(4), 341–357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hannum, E., & Wang, M. (2006). Geography and educational inequality in China. China Economic Review, 17, 253–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koo, A. (2012). Is there any chance to get ahead? Education aspirations and expectations of migrant families in China. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 33(4), 547–564.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kwong, J., & Xiao, H. (1989). Educational equality among China’s minorities. Comparative Education, 25, 229–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, M. H. (2012). The one-child policy and gender equality in education in China: Evidence from household data. Journal of family and economic issues, 33(1), 41–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, T. (2009). Intraprovincial inequalities in basic education in mainland China: Guest editor’s introduction. Chinese Education and Society, 42, 3–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, T. (2009). Intra-provincial inequality in financing compulsory education in China: Exploring the role of provincial leaders (1994–2001). Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 29(3), 321–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, M., Murphy, R., Tao, R., & An, X. (2009). Education management and performance after rural education finance reform: Evidence from Western China. International Journal of Educational Development, 29(5), 463–473.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montgomery, J. L. (2012). Inheritance of inequality: Hukou and related barriers to compulsory education for China’s migrant children. Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal, 21, 591–622.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niu, Z. (2009). Reforms on teachers’ employment system and children’s rights to education in China. International Journal of Educational Management, 23(1), 7–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Postiglione, G. A. (1992). The implications of modernization for the education of China’s national minorities. In R. Hayod (Ed.), Education and modernization: The Chinese experience (pp. 307–336). Oxford: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rong, X. L., & Shi, T. J. (2001). Inequality in Chinese education. Journal of Contemporary China, 10(26), 107–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman, J. D., & Poirier, J. M. (2007). Educational equity and public policy: Comparing results from 16 countries. Montreal: UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, A. (2010, April 21). China’s quiet education revolution. China Daily. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/opinion/2010-04/21/content_9755578.htm

    Google Scholar 

  • Song, L., Appleton, S., & Knight, J. (2006). Why do girls in rural China have lower school enrollment? World Development, 34(9), 1639–1653.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Song, Y. (2012). Poverty reduction in China: The contribution of popularizing primary education. China & World Economy, 20(1), 105–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, L. (2008). The marginality of migrant children in the urban Chinese educational system. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 29(6), 691–793.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, L. (2012). How does education affect the earnings distribution in urban China? Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 75(3), 435–454.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, W., & Zhao, Z. (2012). Rural taxation reforms and compulsory education finance in China. Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting, and Financial Management, 24(1), 136–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank. (2007). China: Rural service delivery. Washington, DC: The World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, K. B. (2008). Education and inequality in the developing world. In D. B. Holsinger & W. James Jacob (Eds.), Inequality in education-comparative and international perspectives (pp. 86–127). The Netherlands: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, L. J., & Wang, F. (2010). Current state of economic returns from education in China’s ethnic regions and explorations into ways of improvement. Chinese Education & Society, 43(5), 10–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, L. (2009). Between local community and central state: Financing basic education in China. International Journal of Educational Development, 29(4), 366–373.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, Z. (2010). China’s ethnic dilemma: Ethnic minority education. Chinese Education & Society, 43(1), 3–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, US

    Hillary ParkHouse

  2. School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, US

    Xue Lan Rong

Authors
  1. Hillary ParkHouse
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xue Lan Rong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Calgary, Canada

    Shibao Guo

  2. University of Calgary, Canada

    Yan Guo

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Sense Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

ParkHouse, H., Rong, X.L. (2016). Inequalities in China’s Compulsory Education. In: Guo, S., Guo, Y. (eds) Spotlight on China. Spotlight on China. SensePublishers, Rotterdam. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-881-7_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-881-7_18

  • Publisher Name: SensePublishers, Rotterdam

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-6209-881-7

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation