Skip to main content

Teachers’ Judgments of Students’ Academic Achievement

Results From Field and Experimental Studies

  • Chapter
Teachers’ Professional Development

Part of the book series: The Future of Education Research ((FUTU))

Abstract

Teacher judgments of student achievement have a considerable impact on students’ learning experiences and educational trajectories. Also, many instructional decisions are determined by teachers’ subjective judgments of their students’ achievement. The ability to accurately gauge student outcomes is therefore one of the key characteristics of a good teacher.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References/Bibliography

  • Alexander, K. L., Entwisle, D. R., & Thompson, M. S. (1987). School performance, status relations, and the structure of sentiment: Bringing the teacher back in. American Sociological Review, 52, 665–682. doi:10.2307/2095602

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alvidrez, J., & Weinstein, R. S. (1999). Early teacher perceptions and later student academic achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 731–746. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.91.4.731

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, A. L., & Drummond, K. V. (2006). Who is at risk and why? Teachers’ reasons for concern and their understanding and assessment of early literacy. Educational Assessment, 11, 149–178. doi:10.1207/s15326977ea1103&4_2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baron, R. M., Tom, D. Y. H., & Cooper, H. M. (1985). Social class, race, and teacher expectations. In J. B. Dusek, V. C. Hall, & W. J. Meyer (Eds.), Teacher expectancies. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bates, C., & Nettelbeck, T. (2001). Primary school teachers’ judgements of reading achievement. Educational Psychology, 21, 177–187. doi:10.1080/01443410020043878

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Begeny, J. C., Eckert, T. L., Montarello, S. A., & Storie, M. S. (2008). Teachers’ perceptions of students’ reading abilities: An examination of the relationship between teachers’ judgments and students’ performance across a continuum of rating methods. School Psychology Quarterly, 23, 43–55. doi:10.1037/1045-3830.23.1.43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benner, A. D., & Mistry, R. S. (2007). Congruence of mother and teacher educational expectations and low-income youth’s academic competence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99, 140–153. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.99.1.140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, R. E., Gottesman, R. L., Rock, D. A., & Cerullo, F. (1993). Influence of behavior perceptions and gender on teachers’ judgments of students’ academic skill. Journal of Educational Psychology, 85, 347–356. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.85.2.347

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bolte, C., Köppen, G., Möller, J., & Südkamp, A. (2012). Diagnostic competence of pre-service teachers analysed by means of the simulated science classroom. In C. Bruguière, A. Tiberghien, & P. Clément (Eds.), E-Book Proceedings of the ESERA 2011 Conference: Science learning and Citizenship. Part 13 (J. Viiri & D. Couso, pp. 18–24). Lyon, France: European Science Education Research Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, D. F., & Demyan, A. L. (2007). Teachers’ stereotypes of Asian, Black, and White students. School Psychology Quarterly, 22, 91–114. doi:10.1037/1045-3830.22.2.91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, D. F., & Sue, S. (2003). The effects of race and problem type on teachers’ assessments of student behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 235–242. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.71.2.235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coladarci, T. (1986). Accuracy of teacher judgments of student responses to standardized test items. Journal of Educational Psychology, 78, 141–146. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.78.2.141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Demaray, M. K., & Elliott, S. N. (1998). Teachers’ judgments of students’ academic functioning: A comparison of actual and predicted performances. School Psychology Quarterly, 13, 8–24. doi:10.1037/h0088969

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DuPaul, G. J., Rapport, M. D., & Perriello, L. M. (1991). Teacher ratings of academic skills: The development of the Academic Performance Rating Scale. School Psychology Review, 20, 284–300.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dusek, J. B., & Joseph, G. (1983). The bases of teacher expectancies: A meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 327–346. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.75.3.327

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eckert, T. L., Dunn, E. K., Codding, R. S., Begeny, J. C., & Kleinmann, A. E. (2006). Assessment of mathematics and reading performance: An examination of the correspondence between direct assessment of student performance and teacher report. Psychology in the Schools, 43, 247–265. doi:10.1002/pits.20147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feinberg, A. B., & Shapiro, E. S. (2003). Accuracy of teacher judgments in predicting oral reading fluency. School Psychology Quarterly, 18, 52–65. doi:10.1521/scpq.18.1.52.20876

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feinberg, A. B., & Shapiro, E. S. (2009). Teacher accuracy: An examination of teacher-based judgments of students’ reading with differing achievement levels. The Journal of Educational Research, 102, 453–462. doi:10.3200/JOER.102.6.453-462

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fiedler, K., Freytag, P., & Unkelbach, C. (2007). Pseudocontingencies in a simulated classroom. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 665–677. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.4.665

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fiedler, K., Walther, E., Freytag, P., & Plessner, H. (2002). Judgment biases in a simulated classroom: A cognitive–environmental approach. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 88, 527–561. doi:10.1006/obhd.2001.2981

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher, J., Tannock, R., & Bishop, D. V. M. (2001). Utility of brief teacher rating scales to identify children with educational problems: Experience with an Australian sample. Australian Journal of Psychology, 53, 63–71. doi:10.1080/00049530108255125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graney, S. B. (2008). General education teacher judgments of their low-performing students’ short-term reading progress. Psychology in the Schools, 45, 537–549. doi:10.1002/pits.20322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, C., & Shinn, M. R. (2003). Characteristics of word callers: An investigation of the accuracy of teachers’ judgments of reading comprehension and oral reading skills. School Psychology Review, 32, 228–241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hauser-Cram, P., Sirin, S. R., & Stipek, D. (2003). When teachers’ and parents’ values differ: Teachers’ ratings of academic competence in children from low-income families. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95, 813–820. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.95.4.813

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hecht, S. A., & Greenfield, D. B. (2001). Comparing the predictive validity of first grade teacher ratings and reading-related tests on third grade levels of reading skills in young children exposed to poverty. School Psychology Review, 30, 50–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heller, K. A., & Perleth, C. (2000). Kognitiver Fähigkeitstest für 4. bis 12. Klassen, Revision. [Cognitive Abilities Test (CogAT; Thorndike, L. & Hagen, E., 1954-1986)--German adapted version/author)]. Göttingen: Beltz.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helmke, A., & Schrader, F.-W. (1987). Interactional effects of instructional quality and teacher judgment accuracy on achievement. Teaching and Teacher Education, 3, 91–98. doi:10.1016/0742-051X(87)90010-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Helwig, R., Anderson, L., & Tindal, G. (2001). Influence of elementary student gender on teachers’ perceptions of mathematics achievement. Journal of Educational Research, 95, 93–102. doi:10.1080/00220670109596577

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hinnant, J. B., O’Brien, M., & Ghazarian, S. R. (2009). The longitudinal relations of teacher expectations to achievement in the early school year. Journal of Educational Psychology, 101, 662–670. doi:10.1037/a0014306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoge, R. D., & Butcher, R. (1984). Analysis of teacher judgments of pupil achievement levels. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 777–781. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.76.5.777

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoge, R. D., & Coladarci, T. (1989). Teacher-based judgments of academic achievement: A review of literature. Review of Educational Research, 59, 297–313. doi:10.2307/1170184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hopkins, K. D., George, C. A., & Williams, D. D. (1985). The concurrent validity of standardized achievement tests by content area using teachers’ ratings as criteria. Journal of Educational Measurement, 22, 177–182. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3984.1985.tb01056.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hurwitz, J. T., Elliott, S. N., & Braden, J. P. (2007). The influence of test familiarity and student disability status upon teachers’ judgments of students’ test performance. School Psychology Quarterly, 22, 115–144. doi:10.1037/1045-3830.22.2.115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Impara, J. C., & Plake, B. S. (1998). Teachers’ ability to estimate item difficulty: A test of assumptions in the Angoff standard setting method. Journal of Educational Measurement, 35, 69–81. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3984.1998.tb00528.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jussim, L. J., & Eccles, J. (1995). Are teacher expectations biased by students’ gender, social class, or ethnicity? In Y.-T. Lee, L. J. Jussim, & C. R. McCauley (Eds.), Stereotype accuracy: Toward appreciating group differences (pp. 245–271). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Jussim, L., Eccles, J. S., & Madon, S. (1996). Social perception, social stereotypes, and teacher expectations: Accuracy and the quest for the powerful self-fulfilling prophecy. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 28, 281–388. doi:10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60240-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser, J., Helm, F., Retelsdorf, J., Südkamp, A., & Möller, J. (2012). Zum Zusammenhang von Intelligenz und Urteilsgenauigkeit bei der Beurteilung von Schülerleistungen im Simulierten Klassenraum [On the relation of intelligence and judgment accuracy in the process of assessing student achievement in the simulated classroom]. Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie/German Journal of Educational Psychology, 26, 251–261. doi:10.1024/1010-0652/a000076

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser, J., Retelsdorf, J., Südkamp, A., & Möller, J. (2013). Achievement and engagement: How student characteristics influence teacher judgments. Manuscript submitted for publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser, J., Schubert, C., Südkamp, A., & Möller, J. (2012, September). Stehen Minderheiten im Fokus bei der Beurteilung durch Lehrkräfte? [Do teachers focus minorities when making judgments?]. Paper presented at the 48th Congress of the German Psychological Society (DGPs), Bielefeld, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karing, C. (2009). Diagnostische Kompetenz von Grundschul- und Gymnasiallehrkräften im Leistungsbereich und im Bereich Interessen [Diagnostic competence of elementary and secondary school teachers in the domains of competence and interests]. Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie/German Journal of Educational Psychology, 23, 197–209. doi:10.1024/1010-0652.23.34.197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, E. (1995). Contextual effects on academic norms among elementary school students. Educational Research Quarterly, 18, 5–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenny, D. T., & Chekaluk, E. (1993). Early reading performance: A comparison of teacher-based and testbased assessments. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 26, 227–236. doi:10.1177/002221949302600403

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klinedinst, R. E. (1991). Predicting performance achievement and retention of fifth-grade instrumental students. Journal of Research in Music Education, 39, 225–238. doi:10.2307/3344722

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krolak-Schwerdt, S., Böhmer, M., & Gräsel, C. (2013). The impact of accountability on teachers’ assessments of student performance: A social cognitive analysis. Social Psychology of Education. Advance online publication. doi:10.1007/s11218-013-9215-9

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuklinski, M. R., & Weinstein, R. S. (2001). Classroom and developmental differences in a path model of teacher expectancy effects. Child Development, 72, 1554–1578. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, H., Pfeiffer, S. I., Petscher, Y., Kumtepe, A. T., & Mo, G. (2008). Validation of the Gifted Rating Scales–School Form in China. Gifted Child Quarterly, 52, 160–169. doi:10.1177/0016986208315802

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz, C., & Artelt, C. (2009). Fachspezifität und Stabilität diagnostischer Kompetenz von Grundschullehrkräften in den Fächern Deutsch und Mathematik [Domain specificity and stability of diagnostic competence among primary school teachers in the school subjects of German and mathematics]. Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie, 23, 211–222. doi:10.1024/1010-0652.23.34.211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maguin, E., & Loeber, R. (1996). How well do ratings of academic performance by mothers and their sons correspond to grades, achievement test scores, and teachers’ ratings? Journal of Behavioral Education, 6, 405–425. doi:10.1007/BF02110514

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Möller, J., Retelsdorf, J., Köller, O., & Marsh, H. W. (2011). The Reciprocal I/E Model: An integration of models of relations between academic achievement and self-concept. American Educational Research Journal, 48, 1315–1346. doi:10.3102/0002831211419649

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mulholland, L. A., & Berliner, D. C. (1992, April). Teacher experience and the estimation of student achievement. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2010). Mplus (Version 6) [Computer software]. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pomplun, M. (2004). The differential predictive validity of the initial skills analysis: Reading screening tests for K-3. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 64, 813–827. doi:10.1177/0013164404263879

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raven, J. C. (1962). Advanced progressive matrices. London: Lewis & Co. Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Retelsdorf, J., Becker, M., Köller, O., & Möller, J. (2011). Reading development in a tracked school system: A longitudinal study over 3 years using propensity score matching. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 647–671. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8279.2011.02051.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Retelsdorf, J., Köller, O., & Möller, J. (2011). On the effects of motivation on reading performance growth in secondary school. Learning and Instruction, 21, 550–559. doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2010.11.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ritts, V., Patterson, M. L., & Tubbs, M. E. (1992). Expectations, impressions and judgments of physically attractive students: A review. Review of Educational Research, 62, 413–426. doi:10.3102/00346543062004413

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schrader, F.-W. (2010). Diagnostische Kompetenz von Eltern und Lehrern. [Diagnostic competence of parents and teachers.] In D. H. Rost (Ed.), Handwörterbuch Pädagogische Psychologie (4th ed., pp. 102–108). Weinheim: Beltz.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schrader, F.-W., & Helmke, A. (2001). Alltägliche Leistungsbeurteilung durch Lehrer [Day-to-day performance evaluation by teachers]. In F. E. Weinert (Ed.), Leistungsmessung in Schulen (pp. 45–58). Weinheim, Germany: Beltz.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shavelson, R. J., & Stern, P. (1981). Research on teachers’ pedagogical thoughts, judgments, decisions, and behavior. Review of Educational Research, 51, 455–498. doi:10.3102/00346543051004455

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spinath, B. (2012). Beiträge der Pädagogischen Psychologie zur Professionalisierung von Lehrerinnen und Lehrern: Diskussion zum Themenschwerpunkt. [Educational Psychology’s contributions to professional teacher development: Discussion of the special issue]. Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie/German Journal of Educational Psychology, 26(4), 307–312. doi:10.1024/1010-0652/a000082

  • Südkamp, A., & Möller, J. (2009). Referenzgruppeneffekte im Simulierten Klassenraum: direkte und indirekte Einschätzungen von Schülerleistungen. [Reference-group effects in a simulated classroom: Direct and indirect judgments]. Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie, 23, 161–174. doi:10.1024/1010-0652.23.34.161

  • Südkamp, A., Kaiser, J., & Möller, J. (2012). Accuracy of teachers’ judgments of students’ academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 104, 743–762. doi:10.1037/a0027627

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Südkamp, A., Möller, J., & Pohlmann, B. (2008). Der Simulierte Klassenraum: Eine experimentelle Untersuchung zur diagnostischen Kompetenz [The simulated classroom: An experimental study on diganostic competence]. Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie, 22, 261–276. doi:10.1024/1010-0652.22.34.261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tenenbaum, H. R., & Ruck, M. D. (2007). Are teachers’ expectations different for racial minority than for European American students? A meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99, 253–273. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.99.2.253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tiedemann, J. (2000). Parents’ gender stereotypes and teachers’ beliefs as predictors of children’s concept of their mathematical ability in elementary school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92, 144–151. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.92.1.144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trouilloud, D. O., Sarrazin, P. G., Martinek, T. J., & Guillet, E. (2002). The influence of teacher expectations on student achievement in physical education classes: Pygmalion revisited. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 591–607. doi:10.1002/ejsp.109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, S. S., Treat, T. A., & Brownell, K. D. (2008). Cognitive processing about classroom-relevant contexts: Teachers’ attention to and utilization of girls’ body size, ethnicity, attractiveness, and facial affect. Journal of Educational Psychology, 100, 473–489. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.100.2.473

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wigfield, A., Galper, A., Denton, K., & Seefeldt, C. (1999). Teachers’ beliefs about former Head Start and non-Head Start first-grade children’s motivation, performance, and future educational prospects. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 98–104. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.91.1.98

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Sense Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Südkamp, A., Kaiser, J., Möller, J. (2014). Teachers’ Judgments of Students’ Academic Achievement. In: Krolak-Schwerdt, S., Glock, S., Böhmer, M. (eds) Teachers’ Professional Development. The Future of Education Research. SensePublishers, Rotterdam. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-536-6_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics