Abstract
Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM; also referred to as multilevel modeling or MLM) is becoming more common throughout all areas of the social sciences because of its flexibility and unique advantages not present in more traditional techniques (Osborne, 2000).
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Osborne, J.W., Neupert, S.D. (2013). A Brief Introduction to Hierarchical Linear Modeling. In: Teo, T. (eds) Handbook of Quantitative Methods for Educational Research. SensePublishers, Rotterdam. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-404-8_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-404-8_9
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