Abstract
Nanoheterocarbon materials are widely used in the field of national security (in particular, chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, explosive (CBRNE) defense), defense, environmental, food and health protection. The growing examples of international terrorist threats against citizens and major infrastructures push to strengthen security measures and the complication of sensing technologies. It requires the development of newer and newer nanomaterials based on carbon molecules and nanostructures modified (doped) by atoms of other elements. However, the toxicity of the most promising nanomaterials for nanosensors, catalysts and other nanodevices based on heterocarbon has not yet been studied enough. Therefore, along with the need to develop new methods for modifying carbon nanostructures with the aim of expanding the scope of their application, the most important task is to study their biocompatibility and potential toxicological effects on the human body.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Zaporotskova IV, Boroznina NP, Parkhomenko YN et al (2016) Carbon nanotubes: sensor properties. A review. Mod Electron Mater 2:95–105
Ewels CP, Glerup M, Krstic V (2008) Nitrogen and boron doping in carbon nanotubes. In: Basiuk VA, Basiuk EV (eds) Chemistry of carbon nanotubes, Part 2. American Scientific Publishers, Stevenson Ranch, pp 2–65
Kharlamova G, Kharlamov O, Bondarenko M, Khyzhun O (2016) Hetero-carbon nanostructures as the effective sensors in security systems. In: Bonca J, Kruchinin S (eds) Nanomaterials for security, nato science for peace and security series a: chemistry and biology, chapter 19. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 239–258
Kharlamova G, Kharlamov O, Bondarenko M et al (2013) Hetero-carbon: heteroatomic molecules and nano-structures of carbon. In: Vaseashta A, Khudaverdyan S (eds) Advanced sensors for safety and security. Nato science for peace and security series B: physics and biophysics, Part 7. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 339–357
Kharlamova G, Kharlamov O, Bondarenko M (2015) Nanosensors in systems of ecological security. In: Bonca J, Kruchinin S (eds) Nanotechnology in the security systems. Nato science for peace and security series C, chapter 20. Environmental Security, Springer, Dordrecht, pp 231–242
Kharlamov AI, Kharlamova GA, Bondarenko ME (2013) Preparation of onion-like carbon with high nitrogen content (∼15%) from pyridine. Russ J Appl Chem 86(10):1493–1503
Sandoval LM, Martinez H, Terrones M (2004) Fabrication of vapor and gas sensors using films of aligned CNx nanotubes. Chem Phys Lett 386:137–143
Kharlamov AI, Kharlamova GA, Bondarenko ME (2013) New products of a new method for pyrolysis of pyridine. Russ J Appl Chem 86(2):167–175
Zhang J, Lei J, Pan R et al (2011) In situ assembly of gold nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for sensitive immunosensing of microcystin-LR. Chem Commun 47: 668–670
Lv R, Li Q, Botello-Méndez AR et al (2012) Nitrogen-doped graphene: beyond single substitution and enhanced molecular sensing. Sci Rep 2(586):1–8
Wang Y, Shao Y, Matson DW et al (2010) Nitrogen-doped graphene and its application in electrochemical biosensing. Electrochem Biosensing ACS Nano 4(4):1790–1798
Kharlamov O, Bondarenko M, Kharlamova G (2015) O-Doped carbon nitride (O-g-C3N) with high oxygen content (11.1 mass%) synthesized by pyrolysis of pyridine. In: Camesano TA (ed) Nanotechnology to aid chemical and biological defense. Nato science for peace and security series A: chemistry and biology, chapter 9. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 129–145
Kharlamov AI, Bondarenko ME, Kharlamova GA (2014) New method for synthesis of oxygen-doped graphite-like carbon nitride from pyridine. Russ J Appl Chem 87:1284–1293
Kharlamov A, Bondarenko M, Kharlamova G (2016) Method for the synthesis of water-soluble oxide of graphite-like carbon nitride. Diamond Relat Mater 61:46–55
Kharlamov A, Bondarenko M, Kharlamova G et al (2016) Features of the synthesis of carbon nitride oxide (g-C3N4)O at urea pyrolysis. Diamond Relat Mater 66:16–22
Kharlamov A, Bondarenko M, Kharlamova G et al (2016) Synthesis of reduced carbon nitride at the reduction by hydroquinone of water-soluble carbon nitride oxide (g-C3N4)O. J Solid State Chem 241:115–120
Nafise G (2011) CVD synthesis of nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes using iron pentacarbonyl as catalyst. Ph.D. Thesis. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, p 97
Plaza MG, Pevida C, Arenillas A et al (2007) CO2 capture by adsorption with nitrogen enriched carbons. Fuel 86(14):2204–2212
Stavropoulos GG, Samaras P, Sakellaropoulos GP (2008) Effect of activated carbons modification on porosity, surface structure and phenol adsorption. J Hazard Mater 151(2–3):414–421
Hulicova D, Kodama M, Hatori H (2006) Electrochemical performance of nitrogen-enriched carbons in aqueous and non-aqueous supercapacitors. Chem Mater 18(9):2318–2326
Lee YF, Chang KH, Hu CC et al (2011) Synthesis of N-doped carbon nanosheets from collagen for electrochemical energy storage/conversion systems. Electrochem Commun 13:50–53
Shao YY, Sui JH, Yin GP et al (2008) Nitrogen-doped carbon nanostructures and their composites as catalytic materials for proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Appl Catal B-Environ 79(1–2):89–90
Ao Z, Li S (2011) Hydrogenation of graphene and hydrogen diffusion behavior on graphene/graphane interface. In: Gong JR (ed) Graphene simulation. InTech, Croatia, pp 53–74
Simon F, Kuzmany H, Fülöp F (2006) Encapsulating C59Nazafullerenes inside single-wall carbon nanotubes. Phys Status Solidi B 243(13):3263–3267
Cuong NT, Otani M, Iizumi Y et al (2011) Origin of the n-type transport behavior of azafullerene encapsulated single-walled carbon nanotubes. Appl Phys Lett 99(5):053105–053108
Simon F, Kuzmany H, Bernardi J et al (2006) Encapsulating C59Nazafullerene derivatives inside single-wall carbon nanotubes. Carbon 44:1958–1962
Wang H, Maiyalagan T, Wang X (2012) Review on recent progress in nitrogen-doped graphene: synthesis, characterization, and its potential applications. ACS Catal 2(5):781–794
Hirata A, Igarashi M, Kaito T (2004) Study on solid lubricant properties of carbon onions produced by heat treatment of diamond clusters or particles. Tribology Int 37(11–12): 899–905
Su DS, Maksimova N, Delgado JJ et al (2005) Nanocarbons in selective oxidative dehydrogenation reaction. Catal Today 102–103:110–114
Neidhardt J, Czigany Z, Hultman L (2003) Superelastic fullerene-like carbon nitride coatings synthesised by reactive unbalanced magnetron sputtering. Surf Eng 19(4):299–303
Czigany Zs, Brunell IF, Neidhardt J et al (2001) Growth of fullerene-like carbon nitride thin solid films consisting of cross-linked nano-onions. Appl Phys Lett 79(16):2639–2641
Belz T, Baue A, Find J et al (1998) Structural and chemical characterization of N-doped nanocarbons. Carbon 36(5–6):731–741
Gurevich AM, Terekhov AV, Kondrashev DS, Dolbin AV (2006) Low-temperature heat capacity of fullerite C60 doped with nitrogen. Low Temp Phys 32(10):967–969
Shu C, Lin Y, Su D (2016) N-doped onion-like carbon as an efficient oxygen electrode for long-life Li–O2 battery. J Mater Chem A 4:2128
Wu G, Santandreu A, Kellogg W et al (2016) Carbon nanocomposite catalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions: from nitrogen doping to transition-metal addition. Nano Energy 29:83–110
Wu G, Mack NH, Gao W et al (2012) Nitrogen-doped graphene-rich catalysts derived from heteroatom polymers for oxygen reduction in nonaqueous lithium-O2 battery cathodes. ACS Nano 6:9764–9776
Li Q, Pan H, Higgins D et al (2015) Metal–organic framework-derived bamboo-like nitrogen-doped graphene tubes as an active matrix for hybrid oxygen-reduction electrocatalysts. Small 11:1443–1452
Matter PH, Zhang L, Ozkan US et al (2006) The role of nanostructure in nitrogen-containing carbon catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. J Catal 239:83–96
Wu G, Nelson M, Ma S et al (2011) Synthesis of nitrogen-doped onion-like carbon and its use in carbon-based CoFe binary non-precious-metal catalysts for oxygen-reduction. Carbon 49:3972–3982
Lahaye J, Nansé G, Bagreev A et al (1999) Porous structure and surface chemistry of nitrogen containing carbons from polymers. Carbon 37:585–590
Wu G, Li D, Dai C et al (2008) Well-dispersed high-loading Pt nanoparticles supported by shell-core nanostructured carbon for methanol electrooxidation. Langmuir 24:3566–3575
Wu G, Swaidan R, Li D et al (2008) Enhanced methanol electro-oxidation activity of PtRu catalysts supported on heteroatom-doped carbon. Electrochim Acta 53:7622–7629
Zhu C, Xu F, Chen J et al (2016) Nitrogen-doped carbon onions encapsulating metal alloys as efficient and stable catalysts for dye-sensitized solar cells. J Power Sources 303:159–167
Glerup M, Krstić V, Ewels C et al (2008) Doping of carbon nanotubes. In: Chen W (ed) Doped nanomaterials and nanodevices. American Scientific Publishers, New York, pp 169–242
Zanchetta J, Marchand A (1965) Electronic properties of nitrogen doped carbons. Carbon 3:332–332
Marchand A, Zanchetta JV (1966) Proprietes electroniques d’un carbone dope a l’azote. Carbon 3:483–491
Iijima S (1991) Helical microtubules of graphite carbon. Nature 354:56–58
Kharlamov AI, Kirillova NV, Zytheva ZA, Golovkova ME (2007) New state of carbon: transparent thread-like anisotropic crystals. Rep Acad Sci Ukraine 5:101–106
Radushkevich LV, Lukyanovich VM, (1952) O strukture ugleroda, obrazujucegosja pri termiceskom razlozenii okisi ugleroda na zeleznom kontakte. Zurn Fisic Chim 26:88–95
Monthioux M, Kuznetsov VL (2006) Who should be given the credit for the discovery of carbon nanotubes? Carbon 44:1621–1623
Khabashesku VN (2011) Covalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes: synthesis, properties and applications of fluorinated derivatives. Russ Chem Rev 80(8):705–725
Stephen O, Ajayan PM, Colliex C et al (1994) Doping graphitic and carbon nanotube structures with boron and nitrogen. Science 266:1683–1685
Sumpter BG, Meunier V, Romo-Herrera JM et al (2007) Nitrogen-mediated carbon nanotube growth: diameter reduction, metallicity, bundle dispersability, and bamboo-like structure formation. ACS Nano 1:369–375
Romo-Herrera JM, Sumpter BG, Cullen DA et al (2008) An atomistic branching mechanism for carbon nanotubes: sulfur as the triggering agent. Angew Chem Int Ed 47:2948–2953
Hashim DP, Narayanan NT, Romo-Herrera JM et al (2012) Covalently bonded three dimensional carbon nanotube solids via boron induced nanojunctions. Sci Rep 2: 363-1–363-8
Lee DH, Lee WJ, Kim SO (2009) Highly efficient vertical growth of wall-number-selected, n-doped carbon nanotube arrays. Nano Lett 9:1427–1432
Wilder WG, Venema LC, Rinzler AG et al (1998) Electronic structure of atomically resolved carbon nanotubes. Nature 391:59–62
Chan LH, Hong KH, Xiao DQ et al (2004) Resolution of the binding configuration in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes. Phys Rev B 70:125408–125415
Pan H, Feng YP, Lin J (2006) Ab initio study of single-wall BC2N nanotubes. Phys Rev B 74:045409–045413
Schutz D, Droppa R Jr, Alvarezet F et al (2003) Stability of small carbon-nitride heterofullerenes. Phys Rev Lett 90:015501–015504
Doytcheva M, Kaisera M, Verheijen MA et al (2004) Electron emission from individual nitrogen-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Chem Phys Lett 396:126–130
Lee JM, Park JS, Lee SH et al (2011) Selective electron- or hole-transport enhancement in bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells with N- or B- doped carbon nanotubes. Adv Mater 23:629–633
Some S, Kim J, Lee K et al (2012) Highly air stable phosphorus-doped n-type graphene field-effect transistors. Adv Mater 24:5481–5486
Gao H, Liu Z, Song L et al (2012) Synthesis of S-doped graphene by liquid precursor. Nanotechnology 23:275605-1–275605-7
Xu J, Dong G, Jin C et al (2013) Sulfur and nitrogen co-doped, few layered graphene oxide as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction. Chem Sus Chem 6: 493–499
Tang C, Bando Y, Golberg D et al (2004) Structure and nitrogen incorporation of carbon nanotubes synthesized by catalytic pyrolysis of dimethylformamide. Carbon 42:2625–2633
Terrones M, Terrones H, Grobert N et al (1999) Efficient route to large arrays of CNx nanofibers by pyrolysis of ferrocene/melamine mixtures. Appl Phys Lett 75:3932–3934
Yudasaka M, Kikuchi R, Ohki Y et al (1997) Nitrogen-containing carbon nanotube growth from Ni phthalocyanine by chemical vapor deposition. Carbon 35:195–201
Kim SY, Lee J, Na CW et al (2005) N-doped double-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by chemical vapor deposition. Chem Phys Lett 413:300–305
Dommele S (2008) Nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes: synthesis, characterization and catalysis. Ph.D. Thesis Utrecht University, Utrecht
Khavrus VO, Ibrahim EMM, Leonhardt A et al (2008) Simultaneous synthesis and separation of single- and multi-walled CNx nanotubes. CarboCat 9(12):17–18
Teddy J (2009) CVD synthesis of carbon nanostructures and their applications as supports in catalysis. Ph.D. Thesis Toulouse University, Toulouse
Nxumalo EN, Coville NJ (2010) Nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes from organometallic compounds. Rev Mater 3:2141–2171
Barreiro A, Hampel S, Rümmeli MH (2006) Thermal decomposition of ferrocene as a method for production of single-walled carbon nanotubes without additional carbon sources. J Phys Chem B 110:20973–20977
Koós AA, Dillon F, Nicholls RJ et al (2012) N-SWCNTs production by aerosol-assisted CVD method. Chem Phys Lett 538:108–111
Villalpando-Paez F, Zamudio A, Elias AL et al (2006) Synthesis and characterization of long strands of nitrogen-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes. Chem Phys Lett 424:345–352
Maldonado S, Morin S, Stevenson KJ (2006) Structure, composition, and chemical reactivity of carbon nanotubes by selective nitrogen doping. Carbon 44:1429–1437
Ghosh P, Soga T, Ghosh K et al (2008) Vertically aligned N-doped carbon nanotubes by spray pyrolysis of turpentine oil and pyridine derivative with dissolved ferrocene. J Non-Cryst Solids 354:4101–4106
Koo’s AA, Dowling M, Jurkschat K et al (2009) Effect of the experimental parameters on the structure of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes produced by aerosol chemical vapour deposition. Carbon 47:30–37
Li YL, Hou F, Yang ZT et al (2009) The growth of N-doped carbon nanotube arrays on sintered Al2O3 substrates. Mat Sci Eng: B 158:69–74
Liu J, Czerw R, Carroll DL (2005) Large-scale synthesis of highly aligned nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes by injection chemical vapor deposition methods. J Mater Res 20:538–543
Ghosh P, Tanemura M, Soga T et al (2008) Field emission property of N-doped aligned carbon nanotubes grown by pyrolysis of monoethanolamine. Solid State Commun 147:15–19
Jiang K, Eitan A, Schadler LS et al (2003) Selective attachment of gold nanoparticles to nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes. Nano Lett 3:275–277
Lee CJ, Lyu SC, Kim HW et al (2002) Synthesis of bamboo-shaped carbon–nitrogen nanotubes using C2H2–NH3–Fe(CO)5 system. Chem Phys Lett 359:115–120
Liu J, Webster S, Carroll DL (2005) Temperature and flow rate of NH3 effects on nitrogen content and doping environments of carbon nanotubes grown by injection CVD method. J Phys Chem B 109:15769–15774
Sen R, Satishkumar BC, GovindaraJ A et al (1997) Nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes. J Mater Chem 7:2335–2337
Liang EJ, Ding P, Zhang HR et al (2004) Synthesis and correlation study on the morphology and Raman spectra of CNx nanotubes by thermal decomposition of ferrocene/ethylenediamine. Diamond Relat Mater 13:69–73
Cao C, Huang F, Cao C et al (2004) Synthesis of carbon nitride nanotubes via a catalytic-assembly solvothermal route. Chem Mater 16:5213–5215
Bill J, Riedel R (1992) Boron carbide nitride derived from amine-boranes. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 271:839–844
Suenaga K, Colliex C, Demoncy N et al (1997) Synthesis of nanoparticles and nanotubes with well-separated layers of boron nitride and carbon. Science 278:653–655
Zhang Y, Gu H, Suenaga K et al (1997) Heterogeneous growth of BCN nanotubes by laser ablation. Chem Phys Lett 279:264–269
Glenis S, Cooke S, Chen X et al (1994) Photophysical properties of fullerenes prepared in an atmosphere of pyrrole. Chem Mater 6:1850–1853
Pradeep T, Vijayakrishnan V, Santa AK et al (1991) Interaction of nitrogen with fullerenes: nitrogen derivatives of C60 and C70. J Phys Chem 95:10564–10565
Droppa R Jr, Hammer P, Carvalho ACM et al (2002) Incorporation of nitrogen in carbon nanotubes. J Non-Cryst Solids 299:874–879
Glerup M, Steinmetz J, Samaille D et al (2004) Synthesis of N-doped SWNT using the arc-discharge procedure. Chem Phys Lett 387:193–197
Goldberg D, Bando Y, Bourgeois L et al (2000) Large-scale synthesis and HRTEM analysis of single-walled B- and N-doped carbon nanotube bundles. Carbon 38:2017–2027
Morant C, Andrey J, Prieto P et al (2006) XPS characterization of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes. Physica Status Solidi A 203:1069–1075
Kruchinin SP, Repetsky SP, Vyshyvana IG (2016) Spin-depent transport of carbon nanotubes with chromium atoms. In: Bonca J, Kruchinin S (eds) Nanomaterials for Security. Springer, pp 65–97
Ermakov V, Kruchinin S, Hori H, Fujiwara A (2007) Phenomena of strong electron correlastion in the resonant tunneling. Int J Mod Phys B 11:827–835
Kruchinin S, Pruschke T (2014) Thermopower for a molecule with vibrational degrees of freedom. Phys Lett A 378:157–161
Ermakov V, Kruchinin S, Pruschke T, Freericks J (2015) Thermoelectricity in tunneling nanostructures. Phys Rev B 92:115531
Maultzsch J, Reich S, Thomsen C, Webster S et al (2002) Raman characterization of boron-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Appl Phys Lett 81(14):2647–2649
Mondal KC, Coville NJ, Witcomb MJ et al (2007) Boron mediated synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition. Chem Phys Lett 437:87–91
Chen CF, Tsai CL, Lin CL (2003) The characterization of boron-doped carbon nanotube arrays. Diam Rel Mater 12(9):1500–1504
Sharma RB, Late DJ, Joag DS et al (2006) Field emission properties of boron and nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes. Chem Phys Lett 428(1–3):102–108
Ceragioli HJ, Peterlevitz AC, Quispe JC et al (2008) Synthesis and characterization of boron-doped carbon nanotubes. J Phys Conf Ser 100(5):1–4
Okotrub AV, Bulusheva LG, Kudashov AG et al (2008) Arrays of carbon nanotubes aligned perpendicular to the substrate surface: anisotropy of structure and properties. Nanotechnol Russ 3:191–200
Ishii S, Watanabe T, Ueda S et al (2008) Resistivity reduction of boron-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized from a methanol solution containing a boric acid. Appl Phys Lett 92(20):202116–202116-3
McGuire K, Gothard N, Gai PL et al (2005) Synthesis and raman characterization of boron-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes. Carbon 43:219–227
Goldberg D, Bando Y, Han W et al (1999) Single-walled B-doped carbon, B/N-doped carbon and BN nanotubes synthesized from single-walled carbon nanotubes through a substitution reaction. Chem Phys Lett 308:337–342
Guo M, Huang J, Kong X et al (2016) Hydrothermal synthesis of porous phosphorus-doped carbon nanotubes and their use in the oxygen reduction reaction and lithium-sulfur batteries. New Carbon Mater 31(3):352–362
Larrude DG, Maia da Costa MEH, Monteiro FH et al (2012) Characterization of phosphorus-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes. J Appl Phys 111(6):064315-064315-6
Patiño J, López-Salas N, Gutiérrez MC et al (2016) Phosphorus-doped carbon–carbon nanotube hierarchical monoliths as true three-dimensional electrodes in supercapacitor cells. J Mater Chem A 4:1251–1263
Cui T, Lv R, Huang Z et al (2011) Effect of sulfur on enhancing nitrogen-doping and magnetic properties of carbon nanotubes. Nanoscale Res Lett 6(77):1–6
Kucukayan G, Ovali R, Ilday S et al (2011) An experimental and theoretical examination of the effect of sulfur on the pyrolytically grown carbon nanotubes from sucrose-based solid state precursors. Carbon 49:508–517
Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Morozov SV et al (2004) Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science 306(5696):666–669
Novoselov KS, Jiang D, Schedin F et al (2005) Two-dimensional atomic crystals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102(30):10451–10453
Geim AK, Novoselov KS (2007) The rise of grapheme. Nat Mater 6:183–191
Repetsky SP, Vyshyvana IG, Kruchinin SP, Molodkin VB, Lizunov VV (2017) Influence of the adsorbed atoms of potassium on an energy spectrum of grapheme. Metallofiz Noveishie Tekhnol 39:1017–1022
Hu Y, Sun X (2013) Chemically functionalized graphene and their applications in electrochemical energy conversion and storage. In: Aliofkhazraei M (Ed.) Advances in Graphene Science, chapter 7. InTech, pp 161–189
Wei D, Liu Y, Wang Y (2009) Synthesis of N-doped graphene by chemical vapor deposition and its electrical properties. Nano Lett 9(5):1752–1758
Luo Z, Lim S, Tian Z et al (2011) Pyridinic N doped graphene: synthesis, electronic structure, and electrocatalytic property. J Mater Chem 21:8038–8044
Chernozatonskii LA, Sorokin PB, Artukh AA (2014) Novel graphene-based nanostructures: physicochemical properties and applications. Russ Chem Rev 83(3):251–279
Wei D, Liu Y, Wang Y et al (2009) Gold nanoparticles can induce the formation of protein-based aggregates at physiological pH. Nano Lett 9(2):666–671
Usachov D, Vilkov O, Gruneis A et al (2011) Nitrogen-doped graphene: efficient growth, structure, and electronic properties. Nano Lett 11(12):5401–5407
Zhang LS, Liang XQ, Song W et al (2010) Identification of the nitrogen species on N-doped graphene layers and Pt/NG composite catalyst for direct methanol fuel cell. Chem Chem Phys 12:12055–12059
Long D, Li W, Ling L et al (2010) Preparation of nitrogen-doped graphene sheets by a combined chemical and hydrothermal reduction of graphene oxide. Langmuir 26:16096–16102
Jeong HM, Lee JW, Shin WH et al (2011) Nitrogen-doped graphene for high performance ultracapacitors and the importance of nitrogen-doped sites at basal-planes. Nano Lett 11:2472–2477
Sun L, Tian C, Tan T (2012) Nitrogen-doped graphene with high nitrogen level via a one step hydrothermal reaction of graphene oxide with urea for superior capacitive energy storage. RSC Adv 2:4498–4506
Geng D, Chen Y, Chen Y et al (2011) High oxygen-reduction activity and durability of nitrogen-doped grapheme. Energy Environ Sci 4:760–764
Imran JR, Rajalakshmi N, Ramaprabhu S (2010) Nitrogen doped graphene nanoplatelets as catalyst support for oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cell. J Mater Chem 20:7114–7117
Wang DW, Gentle IR, Lu GQ (2010) Enhanced electrochemical sensitivity of PtRh electrodes coated with nitrogen-doped graphene. Electrochem Commun 12:1423–1427
Li N, Wang Z, Zhao K (2010) Large scale synthesis of N-doped multi-layered graphene sheets by simple arc-discharge method. Carbon 48(1):255–259
Panchokarla L, Subrahmanyam K, Saha S (2009) Synthesis, structure and properties of boron and nitrogen doped grapheme. Adv Mater 21(46):4726
Kim H, Kim H (2006) Preparation of carbon nanotubes by DC arc discharge process under reduced pressure in an air atmosphere. Mater Sci Eng B 133(1–3):241–244
Zhang C, Fu L, Liu N et al (2011) Synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene using embedded carbon and nitrogen sources. Adv Mater 23:1020–1024
Guo B, Liu Q, Chen E et al (2010) Controllable N-doping of grapheme. Nano Lett 10(12):4975–4980
Kinoshita K (1988)Carbon: electrochemical and physicochemical properties. Wiley, New York
Wang X, Li X, Zhang L et al (2009) N-doping of graphene through electrothermal reactions with ammonia. Science 324:768–771
Lia N, Wang Z, Zhao K et al (2010) Large scale synthesis of N-doped multi-layered graphene sheets by simple arc-discharge method. Carbon 48(1):255–259
Panchakarla LS, Subrahmanyam KS, Saha SK et al (2009) Synthesis, structure, and properties of boron- and nitrogen-doped grapheme. Adv Mater 21(46):994726–994730
Shao Y, Zhang S, Engelhard MH et al (2010) Nitrogen-doped graphene and its electrochemical applications. Mater Chem 20:7491–7494
Lin YC, Lin CY, Chiu PW (2010) Controllable graphene N-doping with ammonia plasma. Appl Phys Lett 96:133110–133113
Lin T, Huang F, Jiang J (2012) A facile preparation route for boron-doped graphene, and its CdTe solar cell application. Energy Environ Sci 4(3):862–865
Yang Z, Yao Z, Li G (2012) Sulfur-doped graphene as an efficient metal-free cathode catalyst for oxygen reduction. ACS Nano 6(1):205–211
Ugarte D (1992) Curling and closure of graphitic networks under electron-beam irradiation. Lett Nature 359:707–709
Hultman L, Stafström S, Czigány Z et al (2001) Cross-linked nano-onions of carbon nitride in the solid phase: aza-fullerene. Phys Rev Lett 8722(22):225503-1–225503-4
Kharlamov O, Bondarenko M, Khyzhun O, Kharlamova G (2016) Anthology and genesis of nanodimensional objects and GM food as the threats for human security. In: Bonca J, Kruchinin S (eds) Nanomaterials for security. NATO science for peace and security series A: chemistry and biology, chapter 24. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 297–310
Kharlamov O, Bondarenko M, Kharlamova G et al (2015) Nanoecological security of foodstuffs and human. In: Bonca J, Kruchinin S (eds) Nanotechnology in the security systems. NATO science for peace and security series C: environmental security, chapter 19. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 215–229
Ermakov V, Kruchinin S, Fujiwara A (2008) Electronic nanosensors based on nanotransistor with bistability behaviour. In: Bonca J, Kruchinin S (eds) Proceedings of NATO ARW “Electron Transport in Nanosystems”. Springer, pp 341–349
Donaldson K, Aitken R, Tran L et al (2006) Carbon nanotubes: review of their properties in relation to pulmonary toxicology and workplace safety. Toxicol Sci 92(1):5–22
Volder MFL, Tawfick SH, Baughman RH et al (2013) Carbon nanotubes: present and future commercial applications. Science 339:535–539
Wadhwa S, Rea C, O’Hare P et al (2011) Comparative in vitro cytotoxicity study of carbon nanotubes and titania nanostructures on human lung epithelial cell. J Hazardous Matter 191(1–3):56–61
Cui SD, Tian F, Ozkan CS et al (2005) Effect of single wall carbon nanotubes on human HEK293 cells. Toxicol Lett 155:73–85
Kartel MT, Ivanov LV, Kovalenko SN, Tereschenko VP (2011) Carbon nanotrubes: biorisks and biodefence. In: Mikhalovsky S, Khajibaev A (eds) Biodefence. NATO science for peace and security series A: chemistry and biology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 11–22
Jia G, Wang HF, Yan L et al (2005) Cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials: single-wall nanotube, multi-wall nanotube and fullerene. Env Sci Technol 39:1378–1383
Mendes RG, Koch B, Bachmatiuk A et al (2015) A size dependent evaluation of the cytotoxicity and uptake of nanographene oxide. J Mater Chem B 12(3):2522–2529
Singh R, Pantarotto D, Lacerda L et al (2006) Tissue biodistribution and blood clearance rates of intravenously administered carbon nanotube radiotracers. PNAS 103:3357–3362
Muller FHJ, Moreau N, Missonet P et al (2005) Respiratory toxicity of multi-wall carbon nanotubes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 207:221–231
Carrero-Sanchez JC, Mancilla R, Arrellin G et al (2006) Biocompatibility and toxicological studies of carbon nanotubes doped with nitrogen. Nano Lett 6:1609–1616
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kharlamova, G., Kharlamov, O., Bondarenko, M., Silenko, P., Khyzhun, O., Gubareni, N. (2018). Toxicology of Heterocarbon and Application of Nanoheterocarbon Materials for CBRN Defense. In: Bonča, J., Kruchinin, S. (eds) Nanostructured Materials for the Detection of CBRN. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series A: Chemistry and Biology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1304-5_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1304-5_19
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-024-1303-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-024-1304-5
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)