Abstract
This chapter summarizes the methods used within the MODUM project for monitoring chemical munition dumpsites. It includes general introduction to monitoring process, listing the requirements that are a basis for the establishment of full scale monitoring programme. It describes survey procedures, for locating dumped munitions, Sampling and analytical procedures for the detection of Chemical Warfare Agents, as well as the usage of fish as bioindicators are described. Modelling of pollutants originating from dumped munitions is presented and discussed. Only methods, which were proven to be most effective within the MODUM projects were selected, also data interpretation methods providing coherent information regarding the environmental risk are explained in details.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Amato E, Alcaro L, Corsi I, Della Torre C, Farchi C, Focardi S, Marino G, Tursi A (2006) An integrated ecotoxicological approach to assess the effects of pollutants released by unexploded chemical ordnance dumped in the southern Adriatic (Mediterranean Sea). Springer, Heidelberg
Beldowski J, Klusek Z, Szubska M, Turja R, Bulczak AI, Rak D, Brenner M, Lang T, Kotwicki L, Grzelak K, Jakacki J, Fricke N, Ostin A, Olsson U, Fabisiak J, Garnaga G, Nyholm JR, Majewski P, Broeg K, Soderstrom M, Vanninen P, Popiel S, Nawala J, Lehtonen K, Berglind R, Schmidt B (2016a) Chemical munitions search & assessment-an evaluation of the dumped munitions problem in the Baltic Sea. Deep-Sea Res Pt Ii 128:85–95. doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.01.017
Beldowski J, Szubska M, Emelyanov E, Garnaga G, Drzewinska A, Beldowska M, Vanninen P, Ostin A, Fabisiak J (2016b) Arsenic concentrations in Baltic Sea sediments close to chemical munitions dumpsites. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 128:114–122. doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.03.001
Blondel P, Blondel P (2009) The handbook of sidescan sonar. Springer/Praxis Pub, Berlin/New York/Chichester
Bucke D, Vethaak AD, Lang T, Mellergaard S (1996) Common diseases and parasites of fish in the North Atlantic: training guide for identification. ICES Techniques in Marine Environmental Sciences 19, 27 p
Chapman P (2010) Guidance document: framework for addressing and managing aquatic contaminated sites under the Federal Contaminated Sites Action Plan (FCSAP). Final Report, Canada
Fulton TW (1904) The rate of growth of fishes. In: 22nd Annual Report Fish Board Scotland 3:141–241
Hooper MJ, Glomb SJ, Harper DD, Hoelzle TB, McIntosh LM, Mulligan DR (2016) Integrated risk and recovery monitoring of ecosystem restorations on contaminated sites. Integr Environ Asses 12(2):284–295. doi:10.1002/ieam.1731
ICES (1989) Methodology of fish disease surveys. Report of an ICES Sea-going workshop held on RV U/F ‘Argos’ 16–23 April 1988. ICES Cooperative Research Report 166. ICES
ICES (2012a) Manual for the International bottom trawl surveys. Series of ICES survey protocols. SISP 1-IBTS VIII. ICES
ICES (2012b) Report of the working group on pathology and diseases of marine organisms. ICES CM 2012/SSGHIE 3. ICES
ICES (2014) Manual for the baltic international trawl surveys (BITS). ICES survey protocols SISP 7 – BITS. ICES
Korotenko KA (2000) In: John D, Catherine T (eds) Chemical weapons dumped in the baltic sea: facts, tendency and prediction of level and scales of possible ecological disaster. MacArthur Foundation, Moscow
Lang T (2002) Fish disease surveys in environmental monitoring: the role of ICES. Paper presented at the ICES Marine Science Symposia 215:202–212
Lang T, Mellergaard S (1999) The BMB/ICES sea-going workshop “fish diseases and parasites in the Baltic sea” – introduction and conclusions. ICES J Mar Sci 56(2):129–133. doi:10.1006/jmsc.1999.0468
Lang T, Wosniok W (2008) The fish disease index: a method to assess wild fish disease data in the context of marine environmental monitoring. ICES CM 2008/D:01. ICES
Lang T, Feist SW, Stentiford GD, Bignell JP, Vethaak AD, Wosniok W (2017) Diseases of dab (Limanda limanda): analysis and assessment of data on externally visible diseases., macroscopic liver neoplasms and liver histopathology in the North Sea, Baltic Sea and off Iceland. Mar Environ Res 124:61–69. doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.12.009
Medwin H (1975) Speed of sound in water – simple equation for realistic parameters. J Acoust Soc Am 58(6):1318–1319. doi:10.1121/1.380790
Omstedt A, Hansson D (2006a) Erratum to: “The Baltic Sea ocean climate system memory and response to changes in the water and heat balance components”. Cont Shelf Res 26(2):236–251. Cont Shelf Res 26 (14):1685–1687
Omstedt A, Hansson D (2006b) The Baltic Sea ocean climate system memory and response to changes in the water and heat balance components. Cont Shelf Res 22(2):236–251
Ricker WE (1990) 100 years of computations – a citation-classic commentary on computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations, (Whole Issue) by Ricker WE. Cc/Agr Biol Environ (39):18–18
Sanderson H, Fauser P, Thomsen M, Sorensen PB (2008) Screening level fish community risk assessment of chemical warfare agents in the Baltic Sea. J Hazard Mater 154(1–3):846–857. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.10.117
Tobias Knobloch, Jacek Beldowski, Claus Böttcher, Martin Söderström, Niels-Peter Rühl, Sternheim J (2013) Chemical munitions dumped in the Baltic Sea. Report of the ad hoc expert group to update and review the existing information on dumped chemical munitions in the baltic sea (HELCOM MUNI), Baltic sea environmental proceedings. HELCOM
USEPA (2004) Guidance for monitoring at hazardous waste sites: framework for monitoring plan development and implementation. United States Environmental Protection Agency
USEPA (2006) Guidance on systematic planning using the data quality objectives process. Office of Environmental Information
Vethaak AD, Rheinallt T (1992) Fish disease as a monitor for marine pollution: the case of the North Sea. Rev Fish Biol Fish 2:1–32
Weirup L (2015) Diseases and parasites of Baltic cod (Gadus morhua L): Spatio-temporal patterns and host effects. University of Hamburg
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Bełdowski, J. et al. (2018). Best Practices in Monitoring. In: Bełdowski, J., Been, R., Turmus, E. (eds) Towards the Monitoring of Dumped Munitions Threat (MODUM). NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1153-9_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1153-9_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-024-1152-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-024-1153-9
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)