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Gestational Protein Restriction in Wistar Rats; Effect of Taurine Supplementation on Properties of Newborn Skeletal Muscle

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Taurine 10

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 975))

Abstract

Taurine ameliorates changes occurring in newborn skeletal muscle as a result of gestational protein restriction in C57BL/6 mice, but taurine supplementation effects may be exaggerated in C57BL/6 mice due to their inherent excessive taurinuria.

We examined if maternal taurine supplementation could ameliorate changes in gene expression levels, properties of mitochondria, myogenesis, and nutrient transport and sensing, in male newborn skeletal muscle caused by a maternal low protein (LP) diet in Wistar rats.

LP diet resulted in an 11% non-significant decrease in birth weight, which was not rescued by taurine supplementation (LP-Tau). LP-Tau offspring had significantly lower birth weight compared to controls. Gene expression profiling revealed 895 significantly changed genes, mainly an LP-induced down-regulation of genes involved in protein translation. Taurine fully or partially rescued 32% of these changes, but with no distinct pattern as to which genes were rescued.

Skeletal muscle taurine content in LP-Tau offspring was increased, but no changes in mRNA levels of the taurine synthesis pathway were observed. Taurine transporter mRNA levels, but not protein levels, were increased by LP diet.

Nutrient sensing signaling pathways were largely unaffected in LP or LP-Tau groups, although taurine supplementation caused a decrease in total Akt and AMPK protein levels. PAT4 amino acid transporter mRNA was increased by LP, and normalized by taurine supplementation.

In conclusion, gestational protein restriction in rats decreased genes involved in protein translation in newborn skeletal muscle and led to changes in nutrient transporters. Taurine partly rescued these changes, hence underscoring the importance of taurine in development.

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Abbreviations

ACTB:

Beta-actin

ADO:

Cysteamine dioxygenase

ATF4:

Activating transcription factor 4

CDO:

Cysteine dioxygenase

CK:

Creatine kinase

CON:

Control

CS:

Citrate synthase

CSAD:

Cysteinesulfinic acid decarboxylase

GAPDH:

Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

gDNA:

Genomic DNA

GLUT:

Glucose transporter

IUGR:

Intrauterine growth restriction

LP:

Low protein

LP-TAU:

Low protein diet with taurine supplementation

MEF:

Myocyte enhancer factor

MHC:

Myosin heavy chain

mtDNA:

Mitochondrial DNA

Myf5:

Myogenic factor 5

Myo:

Myosin

MyoD:

Myogenic differentiation 1

Ndufb6:

NADH Dehydrogenase (Ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex 6

Ndufs1:

NADH Dehydrogenase (Ubiquinone) Fe–S Protein 1

PDK1:

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1

PDK4:

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4

PGC-1α:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, coactivator-1α

PGC-1β:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, coactivator-1β

PPARα:

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α

PPARγ:

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ

REDD1:

DNA-Damage-Inducible Transcript 4 (DDIT4)

S6K1:

Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase

TauT:

Taurine transporter

TFAM:

Transcriptional factor A, mitochondrial

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Acknowledgments

We thank Mrs. Bettina Starup Mentz and Mrs. Lis Frandsen, Section for Cellular and Metabolic Research, Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, for expert technical assistance during the conductance of the experiments. This research was supported by Novo Nordisk Fonden, and The Danish Medical Research Council grant #271-07-0732.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cellular and Metabolic Research Section, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark

    Lea Hüche Larsen, Sofie Sandø-Pedersen, Laura Kofoed Hvidsten Ørstrup, Niels Grunnet, Bjørn Quistorff & Ole Hartvig Mortensen

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  1. Lea Hüche Larsen
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Correspondence to Ole Hartvig Mortensen .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life Sciences, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea

    Dong-Hee Lee  & Ha Won Kim  & 

  2. College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA

    Stephen W. Schaffer

  3. Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NY State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, New York, USA

    Eunkyue Park

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Larsen, L.H., Sandø-Pedersen, S., Ørstrup, L.K.H., Grunnet, N., Quistorff, B., Mortensen, O.H. (2017). Gestational Protein Restriction in Wistar Rats; Effect of Taurine Supplementation on Properties of Newborn Skeletal Muscle. In: Lee, DH., Schaffer, S.W., Park, E., Kim, H.W. (eds) Taurine 10. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 975. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_34

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