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Paleoecology Studies in Chesapeake Bay: A Model System for Understanding Interactions Between Climate, Anthropogenic Activities and the Environment

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Applications of Paleoenvironmental Techniques in Estuarine Studies

Part of the book series: Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research ((DPER,volume 20))

Abstract

Sediments provide one of the best reservoirs of information of how aquatic ecosystems have been altered by natural (climate change) and human agents over time. This information is preserved in a variety of biogenic materials including macro- and microfossils, pollen and chemical proxies, which record ecological responses to past perturbations. Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in the United States, is particularly well-suited to paleoenvironmental studies due to high rates of sediment accumulation, good preservation potential and historical records that can be used to corroborate evidence of change over the past several centuries. Previous paleoecological studies in Chesapeake Bay have examined how climate change and human activities have modified vegetation, species composition, sediment supply and carbon delivery over time. In this chapter, we review a variety of paleoecological approaches that have been employed to understand how the Bay ecosystem has changed over time. These proxies include microfossils (benthic foraminifera and ostracods), pollen and seeds, chemical fingerprints (stable isotopes, lipid biomarker compounds and black carbon), and mollusk shells preserved in sediment core records.

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Acknowledgements

EC gratefully acknowledges support from the Chemical Oceanography Program of the National Science Foundation (OCE-9521190 and OCE-0962277) and support provided by the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. RL would like to thank L. Chastant, L. Work, A. Edwards-Simonson, S. Kolbe, E. Morgan, E. Gercke, M. Oreska, M. Whalen, and J. Brockman for all of their hard work collecting and analyzing the benthic molluscan data; D. Dauer (CBP), B. Rodi (CBP), R. Llanso (CBP), and R. Seitz (VIMS) for generously providing live data and death-assemblage material; T. Cronin and D. Willard (USGS) for access to the Marion-Dufresne cores and radiocarbon dates; D. Kauffman and J. Bright for facilitating the AAR dating; B. Rodi, S. Arcuri, and L. Scott for taxonomic support; and S. Kidwell for shell-mineralogy data; Acknowledgment is made to the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund and the Jeffress Memorial Trust for partial support of this work. This paper is a contribution of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 1346, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA

    Elizabeth A. Canuel

  2. Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Ames Hall 303, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA

    Grace S. Brush

  3. U.S. Geological Survey, 926A National Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA, 20192, USA

    Thomas M. Cronin

  4. Department of Geology, The College of William & Mary, 8795, Williamsburg, VA, 23187, USA

    Rowan Lockwood

  5. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, 241 Williamson Hall, 112120, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA

    Andrew R. Zimmerman

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  1. Elizabeth A. Canuel
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  2. Grace S. Brush
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Correspondence to Elizabeth A. Canuel .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Kaarina Weckström

  2. Institute of Geography and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

    Krystyna M. Saunders

  3. Water Research Network, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Mt Helen, Victoria, Australia

    Peter A. Gell

  4. School of Life Sciences, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia

    C. Gregory Skilbeck

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Canuel, E.A., Brush, G.S., Cronin, T.M., Lockwood, R., Zimmerman, A.R. (2017). Paleoecology Studies in Chesapeake Bay: A Model System for Understanding Interactions Between Climate, Anthropogenic Activities and the Environment. In: Weckström, K., Saunders, K., Gell, P., Skilbeck, C. (eds) Applications of Paleoenvironmental Techniques in Estuarine Studies. Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research, vol 20. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0990-1_20

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