Skip to main content

Codling Moth Cydia pomonella (L.)

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Biological Invasions and Its Management in China

Part of the book series: Invading Nature - Springer Series in Invasion Ecology ((INNA,volume 11))

Abstract

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), is one of the highly invasive pests that devastates pome and walnut fruit trees worldwide. It has been listed in the most harmful quarantine species in China. Since the first report of this species in northwestern China in 1957, C. pomonella spreads rapidly from Xinjiang Province to Gansu Province, Ningxia Province, and other fruit production regions in the northwest. This species was found in some regions in northeastern China since 2006. C. pomonella not only causes serious damages to fruit production, but also influences the export of fruits from China. In this chapter, we review the biology, damage, distribution and invasion history of the codling moth. The invasion sources, population genetics, monitor and control the codling moth in China was also summarized in this chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Asser-Kaiser S, Radtke P, El-Salamouny S, Winstanley D, Jehle JA (2011) Baculovirus resistance in codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) caused by early block of virus replication. Virology 410(2):360–367

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ayres RM, Pettigrove VJ, Hoffmann AA (2010) Low diversity and high levels of population genetic structuring in introduced eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) in the greater Melbourne area, Australia. Biol Invasions 12:3727–3744

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bahatigul I (2009) The damage and control of Cydia pomonella in Xinjiang Province. Prot For Sci Technol 4:118–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Balazs K, Bujaki G, Farkas (1996) Incorporation of apples clearwing (Synanthedon myopaeformis, Bork) control into the IPM system of apple. Acta Hortic 422:134–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnes MM (1991) Codling moth occurrence, host race formation and damage. In: van der Geest LPS, Evenhuis HH (eds) Tortricid pests: their biology, natural enemies and control, 9 July, 1991. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 313–327

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloem S, Carpenter J, Hofmeyr H (2007) Area-wide control tactics for the false codling moth Thaumatotibia leucotreta in South Africa: a potential invasive species. In: MJB V, Robinson AS, Hendrichs J (eds) Area-wide control of insect pests. From research to field implementation. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 351–359

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Blomefield T (1994) Codling moth resistance: is it here, and how do we manage it? Deciduous Fruit Grower 44:130–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Bohonak AJ (1999) Dispersal, gene flow and population structure. Q Rev Biol 74:21–45

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boivin T, Bouvier JC, Beslay D, Suphanor B (2004) Variability in diapause propensity within populations of a temperate insect species: interactions between insecticide resistance genes and photoperiodism. Biol J Linn Soc 83:341–351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buban T, Inantsy F, Kajati I, Molnar M, Sallai P, Szoeke L, Lantos J (1996) Experiences with integrated pest management in apple orchard during the initial phase of a long term study. Acta Hortic 422:102–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen MH, Dorn S (2010) Microsatellites reveal genetic differentiation among populations in an insect species with high genetic variability in dispersal, the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Bull Entomol Res 100:75–85

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chu D, Liu GX, Fan ZX, Tao YL, Zhang YJ (2006) Genetic differentiation of different geographical populations of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) complex. Sci Agric Sin 39(8):1571–1580

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciglar I (1998) Integrirana zaštita voćaka i vinove loze. Zrinski, Čakovec

    Google Scholar 

  • Croft BA, Riedl HW (1991) Chemical control and resistance to pesticides of the codling moth. In: Van Der Geest LPS, Evenhuis HH (eds) World crop pests, Tortricid pests: their biology, natural enemies and control, vol 5. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 371–387

    Google Scholar 

  • Dlugosch KM, Parker IM (2008) Founding events in species invasions: genetic variation, adaptive evolution, and the role of multiple introductions. Mol Ecol 17:43–449

    Google Scholar 

  • Endersby NM, Mckechnie SW, Ridland PM, Weeks AR (2006) Microsatellites reveal a lack of structure in Australian populations of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). Mol Ecol 15(1):107–108

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • FAO (2007) FAO statistical database. [Online] Available: http://faostat.fao.org

  • Franck P, Reyes M, Olivares J, Sauphanor B (2007) Genetic differentiation in the codling moth: comparison between microsatllite and insecticide resistant markers. Mol Ecol 16(17):3554–3564

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Franck P, Timm AE (2010) Population genetic structure of Cydia pomonella: a review and case study comparing spatiotemporal variation. J Appl Entomol 134(3):191–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fuentes-Contreras E, Espinoza JL, Lavandero B, Ramírez CC (2008) Population genetic structure of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from apple orchards in central Chile. J Econ Entomol 101(1):190–198

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grapputo A, Boman S, Lindstroem L, Lyytinen A, Mappes J (2005) The voyage of an invasive species across continents: genetic diversity of North American and European Colorado potato beetle populations. Mol Ecol 14(14):4207–4219

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • He SW, Da SC, Gao YM, Wu D, Wang ZH (2014) Research on the forecasting and control time of codling moth. Mod Agric Technol 5:169

    Google Scholar 

  • Higbee BS, Calkins CO, Temple CA (2001) Overwintering of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) larvae in apple harvest bins and subsequent moth emergence. J Econ Entomol 94:1511–1517

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoy MA (2003) Insect molecular genatics, an introduction to principes and applications, 2nd edn. Academic Press, Elsevier Science

    Google Scholar 

  • Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (2014) [Online] Available: http://www.irac-online.org/pests/cydia-pomonella/

  • Ioriatti C, Tasin M, Charmillot PJ, Reyes M, Sauphanor B (2007) Early detection of resistance to tebufenozide in field populations of Cydia pomonella L.: methods and mechanisms. J Appl Entomol 131(7):453–459

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keil S, Gu HN, Dorn S (2001) Response of Cydia pomonella to selection on mobility: laboratory evaluation and field verification. Ecol Entomol 26:495–501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klassen W (2005) Area-wide integrated pest management and the sterile insect technique. In: Dyck VA, Hendrichs J, Robinson AS (eds) Sterile insect technique. Principles and practice in area-wide integrated pest management. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 43–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovačević Ž (1952) Applied entomology. In: Agricultural pests, 2nd edn. University of Zagreb, Zagreb

    Google Scholar 

  • Krafsur ES (2005) Role of population genetics in the sterile insect technique. In: Dyck VA, Hendrichs J, Robinson AS (eds) Sterile insect technique. Principles and practice in area-wide integrated pest management. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 389–406

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacey LA, Unruh TR (2005) Biological control of codling moth (Cydia pomonella, Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and its role in integrated pest management, with emphasis on entomopathogens. Vedalia 12(1):33–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacey LA, Arthurs SP, Thomson D, Fritts RJ, Granatstein D (2004) Codling moth granulovirus and insect specific nematodes for control of codling moth in the Pacific Northwest. Tilth Prod Q 13:10–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacey LA, Tomson D, Vincent C, Arthurs SP (2008) Codling moth granulovirus: a comprehensive review. Biocontrol Sci Tech 18(7):639–663

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laurent P (1997) Codling moth notes I. To know the codling moth better. Fruit-Belge 65:33–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Li YT, Duan XL, Qiao XF, Li XY, Wang K, Men QL, Chen MH (2015) Mitochondrial DNA revealed the extent of genetic diversity and invasion origin of populations from two separate invaded areas of a newly invasive pest, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in China. Bull Entomol Res. Available on CJO2015. doi:10.1017/S0007485315000334

  • Lin W, Lin CJ (1996) The function of the ecology index in the geographical distribution of codling moth. Plant Quarantine 1:1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu W, Xu J, Zhang RZ (2012) Advances in the sterile insect technique for controlling codling moth. Chin J Appl Entomol 49(1):268–274

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maceljski M (2002) Poljoprivredna entomologija, 2nd edn. Zrinski, Čakovec

    Google Scholar 

  • Mani E, Wildbolz T (1977) The dispersal of male codling moths (Laspeyresia pomonella L.) in the Upper Rhine Valley. J Appl Entomol 47:39–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Men QL, Chen MH, Zhang YL, Feng JN (2013) Genetic structure and diversity of a newly invasive species, the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in China. Biol Invasions 15(2):447–458

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meraner A, Brandstätter A, Thaler R, Aray B, Unterlechner M, Niederstätter H, Parson W, Zelger R, Dalla Via J, Dallinger R (2008) Molecular phylogeny and population structure of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella) in Central Europe: I. Ancient clade splitting revealed by mitochondrial haplotype markers. Mol Phylogenet Evol 48:825–837

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller NJ, Birley AJ, Overall ADJ, Tatchell GM (2003) Population genetic structure of the lettuce root aphid, Pemphigus bursarius (L.), in relation to geographic distance, gene flow and host plant usage. Heredity 91(3):217–223

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mota-Sanchez D, Wise JC, Poppen RV, Gut LJ, Hollingworth RM (2008) Resistance of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), larvae in Michigan to insecticides with different modes of action and the impact on field residual activity. Pest Manag Sci 64(9):881–890

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nangong ZY, Song P, Wang YJ, Wang QY (2014) Advances in the research and application of biological control of the codling moth, Cydiapomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Chin J Biol Control 30(2):260–265

    Google Scholar 

  • Qin XH, Ma DC, Zhang Y, Li GH, Wang P (2006) The damage and development of Cydia pomonella in the northwest of China. Plant Quarantine 2:95–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramstad KM, Woody CA, Sage GK, Allendorf FW (2004) Founding events influence genetic population structure of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Lake Clark, Alaska. Mol Ecol 13(2):277–290

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reyes M, Sauphanor B (2008) Resistance monitoring in codling moth: a need for standardization. Pest Manag Sci 64(9):945–953

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reyes M, Bouvier JC, Boivin T, Sauphanor B, Fuentes CE (2004) Susceptibilidad a insecticidas y actividad enzimática en Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) proveniente de tres huertos de manzano de la regi´ on del Maule, Chile. Agricultura T’ecnica 64:229–237

    Google Scholar 

  • Reyes M, Franck P, Olivares J, Margaritopoulos J, Knight A, Sauphanor B (2009) Worldwide variability of insecticide resistance mechanisms in the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Bull Entomol Res 99(4):359–369

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez MA, Bosch D, Sauphanor B, Avilla J (2010) Susceptibility to organophosphate insecticides and activity of detoxifying enzymes in Spanish populations of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J Econ Entomol 103(2):482–491

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sauphanor B, Bouvier JC, Brosse V (1998) Spectrum of insecticide resistance in Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in south-eastern France. J Econ Entomol 91:1225–1231

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt A, Bisutti IL, Ladurner E, Benuzzi M, Sauphanor B, Kienzle J, Jehle JA (2013) The occurrence and distribution of resistance of codling moth to Cydia pomonella granulovirus in Europe. J Appl Entomol 137(9):641–649

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shen JR, Liu WX, Wan FH, Zhang FQ (2012) Characterization of the Cydia pomonella granulovirus CpGV-CJ01 from northwest China. Chin J Appl Entomol 49(1):96–103

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stara J, Kocourek F (2007) Insecticidal resistance and cross-resistance in populations of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Central Europe. J Econ Entomol 100(5):1587–1595

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thaler R, Brandstätter MA, Chabicovski M, Parson M, Zelger R, Dalla Via J, Dallinger R (2008) Molecular phylogeny and population structure of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella) in Central Europe: II. AFLP analysis reflects human-aided local adaptation of a global pest species. Mol Phylogenet Evol 48(3):838–849

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thwaite WG, Williams DG, Hately AM (1993) Extent and significance of azinphos-methyl resistance in codling moth in Australia. Pest Control Sustain Agric 93:166–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Timm AE, Geertsema H, Warnich L (2006) Gene flow among Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) geographic and host populations in South Africa. J Econ Entomol 99(2):341–348

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vreysen MJB, Carpenter JE, Marec F (2010) Improvement of the sterile insect technique for codling moth Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) to facilitate expansion of field application. J Appl Entomol 134(3):165–181

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wan FH, Zheng XB, Guo JY (2005) Biology and management of invasive alien species in agriculture and forestry. Science Press, Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang CL, Wang FX (2009) Advances in interception and control of the codling moth. Plant Prot 35(2):102–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Watts PC, Keat S, Thompson DJ (2010) Patterns of spatial genetic structure and diversity at the onset of a rapid range expansion: colonization of the UK by the small red-eyed damselfly Erythromma viridulum. Biol Invasions 12:3887–3903

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Willett MJ, Neven L, Miller CE (2009) The occurrence of codling moth in low latitude countries: validation of pest distribution reports. HortTechnology 19(3):633–637

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright S (1951) The genetical structure of populations. Ann Eugen 15:323–354

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yan F, Bengtsson M, Witzgall P (1999) Behavioral response of female Codling Moths, Cydia Pomonella, to apple volatiles. J Chem Ecol 25(6):1343–1351

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang R (2008) Study on the habitat suitability of Cydia pomonella (L.) in China. Ph. D thesis. Yangling, Northwest A&F University

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang JQ, Zhao R, Yan YG, Zhang YL, Feng JN (2011) Efficacy of seven kinds of pesticides for controlling codling moth Cydia pomonella. Acta Agric Boreali-occidentalis Sinica 20(9):194–196

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang XZ (1957) The first record of Cydia pomonella in China. Acta Entomol Sin 4:467–472

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang RZ, Kang L (1999) The disaster mechanism and control strategy of the invasive pests. Entomol Knowl 36(3):181–183

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang RZ, Wang FX, Zhang YL, Chen HJ, Luo JC, Wang QY, Liu WX, Ainiwaer M, Pu CJ, Yan YG, Guo JM, Liu XY, Chen JG, Zhang ZF, Yang S, Xu JJ, Cui GZ, Xu J (2012) Progress on monitoring and control of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.). Chin J Appl Entomol 49(1):37–42

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maohua Chen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Chen, M., Duan, X., Li, Y., Men, Q., Wan, F. (2017). Codling Moth Cydia pomonella (L.). In: Wan, F., Jiang, M., Zhan, A. (eds) Biological Invasions and Its Management in China. Invading Nature - Springer Series in Invasion Ecology, vol 11. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0948-2_16

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics