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Symbiotic Relationships

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Invertebrate Bacteriology

Abstract

Different types of symbiotic associations link bacteria and invertebrates. Paths related to evolutionary processes leading to symbiosis are described on the basis of genome data and phylogenetic analyses. Endosymbiotic bacteria and their location in different hosts are reviewed, together with the role of bacteriocytes and other functional adaptations of ecto- and endosymbionts. Main traits related to symbiosis include functional reproductive manipulation, the effects of multiple concomitant symbionts, mechanisms of acquisition and specificity. Different benefits provided by symbiosis improve fitness and/or yield selective advantages in different host types, including nutritional, defense and detoxification mechanisms.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Candidatus (shortened: Ca.) = the term refers to a described but unculturable bacterium, for which a deposited culture is not available. Since taxonomic rules still require a deposited culture to validate a species, the bacterium is indicated in this way as a “candidate” to species. The possibility to change these rules at the issue of whole genome sequences available has been proposed and is debated.

  2. 2.

    Pleomorphism = occurrence of different cell morphologies in the same bacterial species, due to different nutritional or environmental factors (syn. = polymorphic).

  3. 3.

    Thelitoky = a form of parthenogenesis in which female offsprings are produced from unfertilized eggs.

  4. 4.

    Arrhenotoky = sexual reproduction in which haploid males emerge from unfertilized eggs.

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  1. Sustainable Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Bari, Italy

    Aurelio Ciancio

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Ciancio, A. (2016). Symbiotic Relationships. In: Invertebrate Bacteriology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0884-3_3

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