Abstract
In mobile multimedia devices with video compression capability, a reduction of the power consumption in H.264/AVC compression is important to increase battery lifetime. This chapter presents a power-aware design to determine the best combination of operation conditions for multiple power-scaling schemes. To derive the best combination of existing power-scaling schemes, the power saving and rate-distortion (R-D) performances of individual schemes are presented. The combined effects of these schemes on power saving and R-D loss are modeled and the best operation combination is derived. The largest power saving can be achieved with the smallest R-D degradation by selecting an optimized combination from among all possible combinations. The optimized combinations are defined as a power level table comprising ten levels. Depending on the size and motion speed of a video, four different power level tables are designed to achieve performance improvements. For application of such tables to the encoder, the usable power for each period is calculated and the power level suitable for the calculated power budget is selected. This application method uses the given power budget as much as possible and shows a better performance. The presented power level tables are suitable for power control in real-time applications because the tables are developed in advance. The presented power-aware design is tested with four popular power-saving schemes and simulations with these four schemes show that a power saving of about 30 % is achieved for slow-motion videos, whereas these amounts are about 20 % for fast-motion videos at the sacrifice of less than 0.1 dB Bjontegaard Delta PSNR degradation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Chang X, Zhang M, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Wang J (2007) Adaptive clock gating technique for low power IP core in SoC design. In: Proceedings of international symposium on circuits and systems, pp 2120–2123, May 2007
Tsai C, Chen T, Chen L (2006) Low power entropy coding hardware design for H.264/AVC baseline profile encoder. In: Proceedings of international conference on multimedia and expo, pp 1941–1944, July 2006
Kuo C, Lei S (2006) Design of a low power architecture for CABAC encoder in H.264. In: Proceedings of Asia Pacific conference on circuits and systems, pp 243–246, Dec 2006
Chen T, Chen Y, Tsai S, Chien S, Chen L (2007) Fast algorithm and architecture design of low-power integer motion estimation for H.264/AVC. IEEE Trans Circ Syst Video Technol 17(5):568–577
Chen T, Chen Y, Chen L (2006) Low power and power-aware fractional motion estimation of H.264/AVC for mobile application. In: Proceedings of international symposium on circuits and systems, pp 5331–5334, May 2006
Chen Y, Chen T, Chen L (2006) Power-scalable algorithm and reconfigurable macro-block pipelining architecture of H.264 encoder for mobile application. In: International conference on multimedia and expo, pp 281–284, July 2006
Lian C, Tseng P, Chen L (2006) Low-power and power-aware video codec design: an overview. China Commun 2006:45–51
Chang W, Li G, Chang T (2009) Power-aware coding for H.264/AVC video encoder. In: Proceedings of international symposium on VLSI design/CAD
Kannur A, Li B (2009) Power-aware content-adaptive H.264 video encoding. In: Proceedings of international conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing, pp 925–928, April 2009
He Z, Cheng W, Chen X (2008) Energy minimization of portable video communication devices based on power-rate-distortion optimization. IEEE Trans Circ Syst Video Technol 18(5):596–608
Kim J, Kim J, Kim G, Na S, Kyung C (2010) Event statistics and criticality-aware bitrate allocation to minimize energy consumption of memory-constrained wireless surveillance system. In: Proceedings of international conference on multimedia and expo
Kim J, Kim J, Kim G, Kyung C (2011) Power-rate-distortion modeling for energy minimization of portable video encoding devices. In: Proceedings of international midwest symposium on circuits and systems, pp 1–4, Aug. 2011
Chen T, Huang Y, Chen L (2004) Fully utilized and reusable architecture for fractional motion estimation of H.264/AVC. In: Proceedings of international conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing, pp. 9–12, May 2004
Kim H, Rhee C, Kim J, Kim S, Lee H (2011) Power-aware design with various low-power algorithms for an H.264/AVC encoder. In: Proceedings of international symposium on circuits and systems
Berkel C (2009) Multi-core for mobile phones. In: Proceedings of DATE
Xu N, Zhang F, Luo Y, Jia W, Xuan D, Teng J (2009) Stealthy video capturer: a new video-based spy-ware in 3G smartphones. In: Proceedings of second ACM conference on wireless network security
Chen T, Chien S, Huang Y, Tsai C, Chen C, Chen T, Chen L (2006) Analysis and architecture design of an HDTV720p 30 frames/s H.264/AVC encoder. IEEE Trans Circ Syst Video Technol 16(6):673–688
Su L, Lu Y, Wu F, Li S, Gao W (2007) Real-time video coding under power constraint based on H.264 co-dec. In: Proceedings of VCIP
Jung J, Moon D, Lee H (2008) Computation reduction of H.264/AVC motion estimation by search range adjustment and partial cost evaluation. In: Proceedings of international conference on electronics, information and communication, pp 229–233, June 2008
Rhee C, Jung J, Lee H (2010) A real-time H.264/AVC encoder with complexity-aware time allocation. IEEE Trans Circ Syst Video Technol 20(12):1848–1862
Bjontegaard G (2001) Calculation of average PSNR differences between R-D curves. In: VCEG-M33 of ITU-T Q6/16
Acknowledgments
This work is supported by the Center for Integrated Smart Sensors funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning as the Global Frontier Project.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lee, HJ., Kim, H., Rhee, CE. (2016). E-R-D Optimization in Video Compression. In: Kyung, CM. (eds) Theory and Applications of Smart Cameras. KAIST Research Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9987-4_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9987-4_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-017-9986-7
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-9987-4
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)