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Recent Advances on the Modular Organization of the Cortex pp 313–337Cite as

The Function of Cortical Microcircuits: Insights from Biomorphic Ceramic-Based Microelectrode Arrays

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Abstract

Technological advancements in the manufacturing, design and use of biomorphic ceramic-based multi-electrode arrays have made it possible to study the function of the brain’s microcircuits. Here we examine the literature on the fabrication, composition, design and use of biomorphic Microelectrode Arrays (MEAs) that were instrumental in understanding the function of cortical microcircuits. Recent findings highlight the importance of such MEAs for the study of cortical modularity from a broad range of perspectives such as electrophysiology, in vivo electrochemistry, optogenetics, and neuroprosthetics. In particular, biomorphic MEAs are a crucial milestone in the advancement of cortical modularity and have been used to simultaneously record neural activity from supra- and infra-granular layers along in adjacent cortical minicolumns. We have strived to develop MEAs that: (1) can be mass produced such that other laboratories can easily utilize the same recording technology, (2) are designed to be biomorphic to study multiple brain regions and neurotransmitters in various in vivo systems, (3) control online signal flow through multiple minicolumns and layers, and (4) can be used in the future in neuroprosthetics for patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Author contributed equally with all other contributors

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Parkinson’s Disease Translational Research Center of Excellence, Center for Microelectrode Technology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA

      Greg A. Gerhardt, Jason J. Burmeister, Francois Pomerleau, Jorge E. Quintero & Peter Huettl

    2. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27103, USA

      Ioan Opris Ph.D.

    3. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA

      Robert E. Hampson & Sam A. Deadwyler

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    1. Greg A. Gerhardt
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    2. Ioan Opris Ph.D.
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    Correspondence to Greg A. Gerhardt .

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    1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA

      Manuel F. Casanova

    2. Dept. of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA

      Ioan Opris

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    Gerhardt, G.A. et al. (2015). The Function of Cortical Microcircuits: Insights from Biomorphic Ceramic-Based Microelectrode Arrays. In: Casanova, M., Opris, I. (eds) Recent Advances on the Modular Organization of the Cortex. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9900-3_17

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