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In Vitro Micropropagation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

  • Chapter
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the World

Part of the book series: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the World ((MAPW,volume 1))

Abstract

Modern biotechnological methods like in vitro micropropagation technique hold tremendous potential for the production of high-quality plant-based medicine. They also allow to achieve the large scale multiplication of disease-free plants, faster cloning and the conservation of desired genotypes, in a very short span of time. Via genetic transformation techniques, the modification of both genetic information of MAPs and the regulation of genes responsible for the production of valuable biologically active substances has also become possible in either higher amounts or with better properties.

Micropropagation protocols are worked out for many plant species cultured in vitro to provide macro- and micro- mineral nutrients, vitamins, source of carbohydrates, appropriate environmental conditions (light intensity, photoperiod and temperature) and plant growth regulators required to obtain high regeneration rates. As such they are expected to facilitate commercially feasible micropropagation. Well-defined cell culture methods have also been developed to produce pharmacologically important secondary metabolites. Genetic engineering is applied to produce transgenic medicinal plants and metabolites.

This chapter offers a brief insight into the present status of the biotechnology of MAPs. Special emphasis has been placed on the in vitro micropropagation and rapid clonal multiplication of selected elite genotypes, the regulation of organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis, the exploitation of advantages in somaclonal variation and genetic engineering techniques for both crop improvement and in vitro germplasm conservation. The production of flavor and volatile constituents in tissue cultures will also be briefly discussed, similarly to the application of farther biotechnological approaches.

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Abbreviations

BA:

6-benzylaminopurine

B5:

Gamborg et al. (1976) medium

2,4-D:

2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid

IAA:

indole-3-acetic acid

IBA:

indole-3-butyric acid

MS:

Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium

N6:

Chu et al. (1975) medium

NAA:

naphthalene-1- acetic acid

BA:

6-benzylaminopurine

Kn:

kinetin

TDZ:

Thidiazuron

2ip:

2-isopentenyladenine

GA3:

Gibberellic acid

MAPs:

medicinal and aromatic plants

WPM:

Woody Plant Medium (McCown and Lloyd 1981)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, University of West Hungary, Budapest, Hungary

    Ákos Máthé

  2. Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhauser street 2, Hannover, 30419, Germany

    Fathi Hassan

  3. Biotechnology Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, 12573, Syria

    Ahmad Abdul Kader

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  3. Ahmad Abdul Kader
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    Ákos Máthé

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Máthé, Á., Hassan, F., Abdul Kader, A. (2015). In Vitro Micropropagation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. In: Máthé, Á. (eds) Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the World. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the World, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9810-5_15

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