Abstract
With the development of tumor research, it is discovered that epigenetic modifications such as methylation of CpG islands in promoter region or histone modification, as well as genetic alterations including mutation, deletion, and DNA amplification, are closely related with the tumorigenesis and development of cancer. Epigenetics of human malignancy has become an emerging research area due to growing understanding of specific epigenetic pathways, markers, as well as rapid development of diagnostic technologies. Epigenetic alternation of the DNA has been widely studied in the case of thyroid malignancies. Some of thyroid related genes as well as tumor suppressing genes have seen to be epigenetically regulated during malignancy. This chapter tends to shed light on this epigenetic alteration in different kinds of thyroid cancer.
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Abbreviations
- FTC::
-
Follicular thyroid carcinoma
- PTC::
-
Papillary thyroid carcinoma
- DTC::
-
Differentiated thyroid carcinoma
- UTC::
-
Undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma
- ATC::
-
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
- MTC::
-
Medullary thyroid carcinoma
- BTA::
-
Benign thyroid adenoma
- RASSF1A::
-
Ras association domain family 1A gene
- RASSF1::
-
Ras association domain family 1
- TSG::
-
Tumor suppressor gene
- ATT::
-
Adjacent thyroid tissues
- BRAF::
-
v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B
- qMSP::
-
Quantitative methylation-specific PCR
- PCR::
-
Polymerase chain reaction
- PTEN::
-
Phosphatase and tensin homolog
- INK4a::
-
Inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase type 4
- MTS1::
-
Multiple tumor suppressive gene 1
- PI3K::
-
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- Akt::
-
Activation of the prosurvival kinase, protein kinase
- PIP3::
-
Phosphatidylinositide-3,4,5-trisphosphate
- RXR::
-
Retinoid X receptors
- RAR::
-
Retinoic acid receptor
- RARβ2::
-
Retinoic acid nuclear receptor beta 2
- DI::
-
Deiodinase
- RA::
-
Retinoid acid
- TIG1::
-
Tazarotene-induced gene 1
- Ni3S2::
-
Nickel subsulfide
- HME1::
-
Human mammary epithelium-specific marker 1
- DNA::
-
Deoxyriboncleic acid
- TSHR::
-
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone Receptor
- CHNG1::
-
Hypothyroidism, Congenital, Nongoitrous, 1
- hTSHR-I::
-
Thyrotropin (TSH) Receptor-1
- MT1G::
-
Metallothionein 1G
- CRABP1::
-
Cellular Retinoic Acid Binding Protein 1
- HBB::
-
Beta globi
- HNF3β::
-
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 3β
- FoxA2::
-
Forkhead box protein A2
- PKG::
-
cGMP-dependent protein kinase
- TSH-α::
-
Thyroid-stimulating-hormone-alpha
- SLC26A4::
-
Solute carrier family 26, member 4
- FHIT::
-
Fragile histidine triad
- TTF-1::
-
Thyroid transcription factor 1
- SERPINA5::
-
Serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member5
- RIZ1::
-
Retinoblastoma-interacting zinc-finger protein 1
- PRDM2::
-
PR domain containing 2
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Mohammadi-Asl, J. (2015). Epigenetics of Thyroid Cancer. In: Mehdipour, P. (eds) Epigenetics Territory and Cancer. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9639-2_15
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