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Epigenetics of Thyroid Cancer

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Abstract

With the development of tumor research, it is discovered that epigenetic modifications such as methylation of CpG islands in promoter region or histone modification, as well as genetic alterations including mutation, deletion, and DNA amplification, are closely related with the tumorigenesis and development of cancer. Epigenetics of human malignancy has become an emerging research area due to growing understanding of specific epigenetic pathways, markers, as well as rapid development of diagnostic technologies. Epigenetic alternation of the DNA has been widely studied in the case of thyroid malignancies. Some of thyroid related genes as well as tumor suppressing genes have seen to be epigenetically regulated during malignancy. This chapter tends to shed light on this epigenetic alteration in different kinds of thyroid cancer.

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Abbreviations

FTC::

Follicular thyroid carcinoma

PTC::

Papillary thyroid carcinoma

DTC::

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma

UTC::

Undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma

ATC::

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma

MTC::

Medullary thyroid carcinoma

BTA::

Benign thyroid adenoma

RASSF1A::

Ras association domain family 1A gene

RASSF1::

Ras association domain family 1

TSG::

Tumor suppressor gene

ATT::

Adjacent thyroid tissues

BRAF::

v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B

qMSP::

Quantitative methylation-specific PCR

PCR::

Polymerase chain reaction

PTEN::

Phosphatase and tensin homolog

INK4a::

Inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase type 4

MTS1::

Multiple tumor suppressive gene 1

PI3K::

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

Akt::

Activation of the prosurvival kinase, protein kinase

PIP3::

Phosphatidylinositide-3,4,5-trisphosphate

RXR::

Retinoid X receptors

RAR::

Retinoic acid receptor

RARβ2::

Retinoic acid nuclear receptor beta 2

DI::

Deiodinase

RA::

Retinoid acid

TIG1::

Tazarotene-induced gene 1

Ni3S2::

Nickel subsulfide

HME1::

Human mammary epithelium-specific marker 1

DNA::

Deoxyriboncleic acid

TSHR::

Thyroid-stimulating Hormone Receptor

CHNG1::

Hypothyroidism, Congenital, Nongoitrous, 1

hTSHR-I::

Thyrotropin (TSH) Receptor-1

MT1G::

Metallothionein 1G

CRABP1::

Cellular Retinoic Acid Binding Protein 1

HBB::

Beta globi

HNF3β::

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 3β

FoxA2::

Forkhead box protein A2

PKG::

cGMP-dependent protein kinase

TSH-α::

Thyroid-stimulating-hormone-alpha

SLC26A4::

Solute carrier family 26, member 4

FHIT::

Fragile histidine triad

TTF-1::

Thyroid transcription factor 1

SERPINA5::

Serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member5

RIZ1::

Retinoblastoma-interacting zinc-finger protein 1

PRDM2::

PR domain containing 2

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  1. Department Of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of medical sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Javad Mohammadi-Asl

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  1. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Genetics School Of Medicine, Tehran, Iran

    Parvin Mehdipour

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Mohammadi-Asl, J. (2015). Epigenetics of Thyroid Cancer. In: Mehdipour, P. (eds) Epigenetics Territory and Cancer. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9639-2_15

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