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Neurosurgical Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders pp 217–225Cite as

Radiosurgery for Psychiatric Disorders

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Abstract

Behavioral surgery , previously know as Psychosurgery initiated with lesions disconnecting pathways in the brain. The infamous Frontal Lobotomy proposed by Moniz, designed to interrupt the pathways of the frontal lobes evolved to more elegant disconnections with the use of the stereotactic technique by Spiegel and Wicys interrupting the thalamo-connections to the frontal lobe through lesions the anterior thalamus. Indeed, the collaboration of the Austrian Neurologist Spiegel with the Neurosurgeon Wicys in Philadelphia led to the first stereotactic surgery in humans. It was an anterior thalamotomy to modify behavior. The progressive refinement of the understanding of the frontal lobe, know them to control behavior, called for precise lesions in strategic areas, instead of the massive initial lesions in the frontal lobe. Dr. Leksell from Karolinska University in Stockholm, living that era envisioned the necessity of a non invasive way to treat functional diseases of the brain, i.e. realizing precise lesions in specific brain pathways without opening the skull to avoid the unacceptable complications, as psychiatric patients were then being brutally violated by the trans orbital frontal lobectomy. The ideas of radiosurgery matured during the 1950s and 1960s to culminate with the development of the Gamma Knife which was suitable and promptly applied to treat psychiatric diseases, the one chosen then was obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10495 Le Conte Ave, Suite 2120, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Antônio De Salles & Alessandra A. Gorgulho

  2. HCor Neuroscience, Sao Paulo, Brazil

    Antônio De Salles & Alessandra A. Gorgulho

Authors
  1. Antônio De Salles
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  2. Alessandra A. Gorgulho
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Correspondence to Antônio De Salles .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

    Bomin Sun

  2. Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Antonio De Salles

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© 2015 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press, Shanghai and Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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De Salles, A., Gorgulho, A.A. (2015). Radiosurgery for Psychiatric Disorders. In: Sun, B., Salles, A. (eds) Neurosurgical Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9576-0_19

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9576-0_19

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