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Synthesis

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Critical Loads and Dynamic Risk Assessments

Part of the book series: Environmental Pollution ((EPOL,volume 25))

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Abstract

This chapter first presents an overview of findings described in this book. This includes a summary of the combined use of empirical and model-based approaches, main results of these analyses, and their relevance in view of impacts on ecosystem health, human health and effects on ecosystem services. This is followed by a discussion of the uncertainties involved in critical load assessments and applications. Finally, it presents an outlook on the future of critical loads and dynamic model applications to support assessments of trade-offs between policies in the field of air pollution, biodiversity and climate change. The importance of analysing multiple rather than single effects in these fields, including their interactions, is emphasized as the way forward for the further development and application of critical thresholds.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    http://www.cbd.int/sp/targets/.

  2. 2.

    COM(2011) 244 final: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/biodiversity/comm2006/pdf/2020/1_EN_ACT_part1_v7[1].pdf. also see http://biodiversity.europa.eu/bise/policy/eu-biodiversity-strategy.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Coordination Centre for Effects (CCE), RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands

    Jean-Paul Hettelingh & Maximilian Posch

  2. Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Wim de Vries

Authors
  1. Jean-Paul Hettelingh
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  2. Wim de Vries
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  3. Maximilian Posch
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jean-Paul Hettelingh .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Alterra Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Wim de Vries

  2. RIVM – Coordination Centre for Effects, Bilthoven, The Netherlands

    Jean-Paul Hettelingh

  3. RIVM – Coordination Centre for Effects, Bilthoven, The Netherlands

    Maximilian Posch

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Hettelingh, JP., de Vries, W., Posch, M. (2015). Synthesis. In: de Vries, W., Hettelingh, JP., Posch, M. (eds) Critical Loads and Dynamic Risk Assessments. Environmental Pollution, vol 25. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9508-1_26

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