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Critical Load Assessments and Dynamic Model Applications for Lakes in North America

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Critical Loads and Dynamic Risk Assessments

Part of the book series: Environmental Pollution ((EPOL,volume 25))

Abstract

Critical loads were first discussed by Canada and the United States during the early 1980s in the Memorandum of Intent on Transboundary Air Pollution—the earliest bilateral acid rain assessment. A legacy of this assessment is the specification of critical loads of acidity for surface waters in Canada.

This chapter reviews the application of steady-state and dynamic models to assess the impacts of acidic deposition on surface waters in North America. It describes the historic development of critical loads in Canada and the United States, and provides a broad overview of wide-scale regional applications of steady-state and dynamic models. Furthermore, the chapter presents a national application of the First-order Acidity Balance (FAB) model for surface waters in Canada, with reference to similar assessments in Europe.

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Acknowledgements

This research was undertaken, in part, thanks to funding from the Canada Research Chairs Program, and an NSERC Discovery grant. In addition, it was financially supported by the Government of Canada through the Federal Department of the Environment (Project: Forest ecosystem critical loads).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental and Resource Studies, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada

    Julian Aherne

  2. Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada

    Dean Jeffries

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Correspondence to Julian Aherne .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Alterra Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Wim de Vries

  2. RIVM – Coordination Centre for Effects, Bilthoven, The Netherlands

    Jean-Paul Hettelingh

  3. RIVM – Coordination Centre for Effects, Bilthoven, The Netherlands

    Maximilian Posch

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Aherne, J., Jeffries, D. (2015). Critical Load Assessments and Dynamic Model Applications for Lakes in North America. In: de Vries, W., Hettelingh, JP., Posch, M. (eds) Critical Loads and Dynamic Risk Assessments. Environmental Pollution, vol 25. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9508-1_19

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