Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Zoonotic Aspects of Tuberculosis: Disease of the past or re-emerging zoonosis?

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Zoonoses - Infections Affecting Humans and Animals

Abstract

Tuberculosis is a serious chronic disease of humans and animals caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. While M. tuberculosis affects primarily humans, Mycobacterium bovis has a wide range of host species including wild and domestic animals and humans. This chapter investigates the role of different host species in the transmission of tuberculosis at various animal/human interfaces. While drivers and modes of zoonotic TB transmission are reviewed, a broad spectrum of complexities hampering the eradication of this disease are highlighted. The most important constraints, next to factors related to pathogen-host interactions such as HIV co-infection and multidrug resistance of MTBC strains, are socio-economic shortcomings in the control of bovine tuberculosis in the cattle population as well as traditional customs and habits related to the consumption of milk and other animal products.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adesokan HK, Jenkins AO, van Soolingen D, Cadmus SI (2012) Mycobacterium bovis infection in livestock workers in Ibadan, Nigeria: evidence of occupational exposure. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 16(10):1388–1392

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad N, Srinivasan K, Panayi J, Moudgil H (2011) Lumbo-sacral spine disease due to bovine tuberculosis in a patient with concurrent pulmonary disease. Prim Care Respir J 20(4):459–461

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Akkerman O, van der Loo K, Nijmeijer D, van der Werf T, Mulder B, Kremer K, van Soolingen D, van der Zanden A (2012) Mycobacterium bovis infection in a young Dutch adult: transmission from an elderly human source? Med Microbiol Immunol 201(3):397–400

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Albrecht H, Stellbrink HJ, Eggers C, Rusch-Gerdes S, Greten H (1995) A case of disseminated Mycobacterium bovis infection in an AIDS patient. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 14(3):226–229

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander KA, Laver PN, Michel AL, Williams M, van Helden PD, Warren RM, Gey van Pittius NC (2010) Novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex pathogen, M. mungi. Emerg Infect Dis 16(8):1296–1299

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez J, Bezos J, Juan L, Vordermeier M, Rodriguez S, Fernandez-de-Mera IG, Mateos A, Dominguez L (2012) Diagnosis of tuberculosis in camelids: old problems, current solutions and future challenges. Transbound Emerg Dis 59(1):1–10

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amanfu W (2006) The situation of tuberculosis and tuberculosis control in animals of economic interest. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 86(3–4):330–335

    Google Scholar 

  • Angkawanish T, Wajjwalku W, Sirimalaisuwan A, Mahasawangkul S, Kaewsakhorn T, Boonsri K, Rutten VP (2010) Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of domesticated Asian elephants, Thailand. Emerg Infect Dis 16(12):1949–1951

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aranaz A, Liebana E, Pickering X, Novoa C, Mateos A, Dominguez L (1996) Use of polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in cats and dogs. Vet Rec 138(12):276–280

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aranaz A, Cousins D, Mateos A, Dominguez L (2003) Elevation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis subsp. caprae Aranaz et al. 1999 to species rank as Mycobacterium caprae comb. nov., sp. nov. Int J System Evol Microbiol 53(Pt 6):1785–1789

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arega SM, Conraths FJ, Ameni G (2013) Prevalence of tuberculosis in pigs slaughtered at two abattoirs in Ethiopia and molecular characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from tuberculous-like lesions in pigs. BMC Vet Res 9:97-6148-9-97

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aydin FE, Ulger M, Emekdas G, Aslan G, Gunal S (2012) Isolation and identification of Mycobacterium bovis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria in raw milk samples in Mersin province. Mikrobiyol Bul 46(2):283–289

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ayele WY, Neill SD, Zinsstag J, Weiss MG, Pavlik I (2004) Bovine tuberculosis: an old disease but a new threat to Africa. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 8(8):924–937

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baker MG, Lopez LD, Cannon MC, De Lisle GW, Collins DM (2006) Continuing Mycobacterium bovis transmission from animals to humans in New Zealand. Epidemiology Infection 134(5):1068–1073

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bayraktar B, Bulut E, Baris AB, Toksoy B, Dalgic N, Celikkan C, Sevgi D (2011a) Species distribution of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in clinical isolates from 2007–2010 in Turkey: a prospective study. J Clin Microbiol 49(11):3837–3841

    Google Scholar 

  • Bayraktar B, Togay A, Gencer H, Kockaya T, Dalgic N, Baris AB, Bulut E (2011b) Mycobacterium caprae causing lymphadenitis in a child. Pediatr Infect Dis J 30(11):1012–1013

    Google Scholar 

  • Ben Kahla I, Boschiroli ML, Souissi F, Cherif N, Benzarti M, Boukadida J, Hammami S (2011) Isolation and molecular characterisation of Mycobacterium bovis from raw milk in Tunisia. Afr Health Sci 11(Suppl 1):S2–S5

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bengis RG, Kock RA, Fischer J (2002) Infectious animal diseases: the wildlife/livestock interface. Rev Sci Tech 21(1):53–65

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bercovier H, Vincent V (2001) Mycobacterial infections in domestic and wild animals due to Mycobacterium marinum, M. fortuitum, M. chelonae, M. porcinum, M. farcinogenes, M. smegmatis, M. scrofulaceum, M. xenopi, M. kansasii, M. simiae and M. genavense. Rev Sci Tech 20(1):265–290

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bilal S, Iqbal M, Murphy P, Power J (2010) Human bovine tuberculosis—remains in the differential. J Med Microbiol 59(Pt 11):1379–1382

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Borrell S, Gagneux S (2009) Infectiousness, reproductive fitness and evolution of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 13(12):1456–1466

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boukary AR, Thys E, Rigouts L, Matthys F, Berkvens D, Mahamadou I, Yenikoye A, Saegerman C (2012) Risk factors associated with bovine tuberculosis and molecular characterization of Mycobacterium bovis strains in urban settings in Niger. Transbound Emerg Dis 59(6):490–502

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brosch R, Gordon SV, Marmiesse M, Brodin P, Buchrieser C, Eiglmeier K, Garnier T, Gutierrez C, Hewinson G, Kremer K, Parsons LM, Pym AS, Samper S, van Soolingen D, Cole ST (2002) A new evolutionary scenario for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99(6):3684–3689

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cadmus SI, Adesokan HK, Jenkins AO, van Soolingen D (2009) Mycobacterium bovis and M. tuberculosis in goats, Nigeria. Emerg Infect Dis 15(12):2066–2067

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cavirani S, Fanti F, Benecchi M, Calderaro A, Taddei S, Arcangeletti C, Medici MC, Dettori G, Chezzi C (2003) Evaluation of susceptibility of Mycobacterium bovis to antituberculous drugs by radiometric BACTEC 460TB system. New Microbiol 26(2):181–186

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen Y, Chao Y, Deng Q, Liu T, Xiang J, Chen J, Zhou J, Zhan Z, Kuang Y, Cai H, Chen H, Guo A (2009) Potential challenges to the Stop TB Plan for humans in China; cattle maintain M. bovis and M. tuberculosis. Tuberculosis 89:95–100

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chu CS, Yu CY, Chen CT, Su YC (2012) Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis infection in Feedlot Deer (Cervus unicolor swinhoei and C. nippon taiouanus) in Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 45(6):426–434

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cordova E, Gonzalo X, Boschi A, Lossa M, Robles M, Poggi S, Ambroggi M (2012) Human Mycobacterium bovis infection in Buenos Aires: epidemiology, microbiology and clinical presentation. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 16(3):415–417

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cosivi O, Grange JM, Daborn CJ, Raviglione MC, Fujikura T, Cousins D, Robinson RA, Huchzermeyer HF, de Kantor I, Meslin FX (1998) Zoonotic tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in developing countries. Emerg Infect Dis 4(1):59–70

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Costello E, Doherty ML, Monaghan ML, Quigley FC, O’Reilly PF (1998) A study of cattle-to-cattle transmission of Mycobacterium bovis infection. Vet J 155(3):245–250. (London, England: 1997)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cousins DV (2001) Mycobacterium bovis infection and control in domestic livestock. Rev Sci Tech 20(1):71–85

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cousins DV, Peet RL, Gaynor WT, Williams SN, Gow BL (1994) Tuberculosis in imported Hyrax (Procavia-Capensis) caused by an unusual variant belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Vet Microbiol 42(2–3):135–145

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cousins DV, Bastida R, Cataldi A, Quse V, Redrobe S, Dow S, Duignan P, Murray A, Dupont C, Ahmed N, Collins DM, Butler WR, Dawson D, Rodriguez D, Loureiro J, Romano MI, Alito A, Zumarraga M, Bernardelli A (2003) Tuberculosis in seals caused by a novel member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: Mycobacterium pinnipedii sp. nov. Int J System Evol Microbiol 53(Pt 5):1305–1314

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cousins DV, Huchzermeyer HF, Griffin JF, Brueckner GK, van Rensburg IBJ, Kriek NPJ (2004) Tuberculosis. In: Coetzer AW, Tustin RC (eds) Infectious diseases of livestock. Oxford University Press, Cape Town

    Google Scholar 

  • Covert TC, Rodgers MR, Reyes AL, Stelma GN Jr (1999) Occurrence of nontuberculous mycobacteria in environmental samples. Appl Environ Microbiol 65(6):2492–2496

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cross ML, Labes RE, Griffin JF, Mackintosh CG (2000) Systemic but not intra-intestinal vaccination with BCG reduces the severity of tuberculosis infection in ferrets (Mustela furo). Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 4(5):473–480

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dalovisio JR, Stetter M, Mikota-Wells S (1992) Rhinoceros’ rhinorrhea: cause of an outbreak of infection due to airborne Mycobacterium bovis in zookeepers. Clin Infect Dis 15(4):598–600

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson KL, Bell A, Kawakami RP, Coley K, Yates G, Collins DM (2012) Transmission of Mycobacterium orygis (M. tuberculosis complex species) from a tuberculosis patient to a dairy cow in New Zealand. J Clin Microbiol 50(9):3136–3138

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Garine-Wichatitsky M, Caron A, Gomo C, Foggin C, Dutlow K, Pfukenyi D, Lane E, Le Bel S, Hofmeyr M, Hlokwe T, Michel A (2010) Bovine tuberculosis in buffaloes, Southern Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 16(5):884–885

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Garine-Wichatitsky M, Caron A, Kock R, Tschopp R, Munyeme M, Hofmeyr M, Michel A (2013) A review of bovine tuberculosis at the wildlife-livestock-human interface in sub-Saharan Africa. Epidemiol Infect 141(7):1342–1356

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Klerk-Lorist L, Lane E, Gey van Pittius N, Van Helden P (2012) The re-emergence of bovine tuberculosis in a chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) troop in the Kruger National Park. International Wildlife Tuberculosis Conference, Skukuza, South Africa, 9–12 Sept 2012

    Google Scholar 

  • de la Rua-Domenech R (2006) Human Mycobacterium bovis infection in the United Kingdom: incidence, risks, control measures and review of the zoonotic aspects of bovine tuberculosis. Tuberculosis 86(2):77–109

    Google Scholar 

  • de Lisle GW, Mackintosh CG, Bengis RG (2001) Mycobacterium bovis in free-living and captive wildlife, including farmed deer. Rev Sci Tech 20(1):86–111

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deforges L, Boulouis HJ, Thibaud JL, Boulouha L, Sougakoff W, Blot S, Hewinson G, Truffot-Pernot C, Haddad N (2004) First isolation of Mycobacterium microti (Llama-type) from a dog. Vet Microbiol 103(3):249–253

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deresa B, Conraths FJ, Ameni G (2013) Abattoir-based study on the epidemiology of caprine tuberculosis in Ethiopia using conventional and molecular tools. Acta Vet Scand 55:15-0147-55-15

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Di Pietrantonio T, Schurr E (2013) Host-pathogen specificity in tuberculosis. Adv Exp Med Biol 783:33–44

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dinkla ET, Haagsma J, Kuyvenhoven JV, Veen J, Nieuwenhuijs JH (1991) Tuberculosis in imported alpacas-a zoonosis-now what? Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 116(9):454–460

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Djelouadji Z, Raoult D, Drancourt M (2011) Palaeogenomics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: epidemic bursts with a degrading genome. Lancet Infect Dis 11(8):641–650

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dlamini M (2013) A study on bovine tuberculosis and associated risk factors for humans in Swaziland. University of Pretoria, Pretoria (MSc thesis). http://repository.up.ac.za

  • Donoghue HD, Spigelman M, Greenblatt CL, Lev-Maor G, Bar-Gal GK, Matheson C, Vernon K, Nerlich AG, Zink AR (2004) Tuberculosis: from prehistory to Robert Koch, as revealed by ancient DNA. Lancet Infect Dis 4(9):584–592

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dormer BA, Martinaglia G, Beemer AM (1953) Observations on the longevity of human and bovine tubercle bacilli in calabash milk. South Afr Med J (Suid-Afrikaanse tydskr vir geneeskd) 27(50):1121–1124

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Durr PA, Clifton-Hadley RS, Hewinson RG (2000) Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis. II. Applications of genotyping. Rev Sci Tech 19(3):689–701

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Emmanuel FX, Seagar AL, Doig C, Rayner A, Claxton P, Laurenson I (2007) Human and animal infections with Mycobacterium microti, Scotland. Emerg Infect Dis 13(12):1924–1927

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Erwin PC, Bemis DA, McCombs SB, Sheeler LL, Himelright IM, Halford SK, Diem L, Metchock B, Jones TF, Schilling MG, Thomsen BV (2004) Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission from human to canine. Emerg Infect Dis 10(12):2258–2210

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Etchechoury I, Valencia GE, Morcillo N, Sequeira MD, Imperiale B, Lopez M, Caimi K, Zumarraga MJ, Cataldi A, Romano MI (2010) Molecular typing of Mycobacterium bovis isolates in Argentina: first description of a person-to-person transmission case. Zoonoses Public Health 57(6):375–381

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Etter E, Donado P, Jori F, Caron A, Goutard F, Roger F (2006) Risk analysis and bovine tuberculosis, a re-emerging zoonosis. Ann New York Acad Sci 1081:61–73

    Google Scholar 

  • European Food Safety Authority (2013) EFSA—Scientific Report of EFSA: The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2011. EFSA J 11(4):3129

    Google Scholar 

  • Firdessa R, Tschopp R, Wubete A, Sombo M, Hailu E, Erenso G, Kiros T, Yamuah L, Vordermeier M, Hewinson RG, Young D, Gordon SV, Sahile M, Aseffa A, Berg S (2012) High prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in dairy cattle in central ethiopia: implications for the dairy industry and public health. PloS one 7(12):e52851

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fitzgerald SD, Kaneene JB (2013) Wildlife reservoirs of bovine tuberculosis worldwide: hosts, pathology, surveillance, and control. Vet Pathol 50(3):488–499

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Food Safety Authority of Ireland (2008) Zoonotic Tuberculosis and Food Safety, 2nd edition. Dublin. ISBN 1-904465-54-4

    Google Scholar 

  • Franco MM, Paes AC, Ribeiro MG, de Figueiredo Pantoja JC, Santos AC, Miyata M, Leite CQ, Motta RG, Listoni FJ (2013) Occurrence of mycobacteria in bovine milk samples from both individual and collective bulk tanks at farms and informal markets in the southeast region of Sao Paulo, Brazil. BMC Vet Res 9:85-6148-9-85

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frank W, Reisinger EC, Brandt-Hamerla W, Schwede I, Handrick W (2009) Mycobacterium microti-pulmonary tuberculosis in an immunocompetent patient. Wien Klin Wochenschr 121(7–8):282–286

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fritsche A, Engel R, Buhl D, Zellweger JP (2004) Mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis: from animal to man and back. Int J Tubercul Lung Dis 8(7):903–904

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frothingham R, Meeker-O’Connell WA (1998) Genetic diversity in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex based on variable numbers of tandem DNA repeats. Microbiology 144 (Pt 5):1189–1196. (Reading, England)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gagneux S (2012) Host-pathogen coevolution in human tuberculosis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 367(1590):850–859

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geiss HK, Feldhues R, Niemann S, Nolte O, Rieker R (2005) Landouzy septicemia (sepsis tuberculosa acutissima) due to Mycobacterium microti in an immunocompetent man. Infection 33(5):393–396

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gey van Pittius NC, Perrett KD, Michel AL, Keet DF, Hlokwe T, Streicher EM, Warren RM, van Helden PD (2012) Infection of African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) by oryx bacillus, a rare member of the antelope clade of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. J Wildl Dis 48(4):849–857

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson AL, Hewinson G, Goodchild T, Watt B, Story A, Inwald J, Drobniewski FA (2004) Molecular epidemiology of disease due to Mycobacterium bovis in humans in the United Kingdom. J Clin Microbiol 42(1):431–434

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goh KS, Fabre M, Huard RC, Schmid S, Sola C, Rastogi N (2006) Study of the gyrB gene polymorphism as a tool to differentiate among Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex subspecies further underlines the older evolutionary age of Mycobacterium canettii. Mol Cell Probes 20(3–4):182–190

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez-Duarte A, Ponce de Leon A, Osornio JS (2011) Importance of differentiating Mycobaterium bovis in tuberculous meningitis. Neurol Int 3(3):e9

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grange JM (2001) Mycobacterium bovis infection in human beings. Tuberculosis 81(1–2):71–77

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Griffith AS (1928) Tuberculosis in captive wild animals. J Hyg 28:198–218

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gumi B, Schelling E, Berg S, Firdessa R, Erenso G, Mekonnen W, Hailu E, Melese E, Hussein J, Aseffa A, Zinsstag J (2012a) Zoonotic transmission of tuberculosis between pastoralists and their livestock in South-East Ethiopia. Ecohealth 9(2):139–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Gumi B, Schelling E, Firdessa R, Erenso G, Biffa D, Aseffa A, Tschopp R, Yamuah L, Young D, Zinsstag J (2012b) Low prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in Somali pastoral livestock, southeast Ethiopia. Trop Anim Health Prod 44(7):1445–1450

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutierrez M, Samper S, Jimenez MS, van Embden JD, Marin JF, Martin C (1997) Identification by spoligotyping of a caprine genotype in Mycobacterium bovis strains causing human tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol 35(12):3328–3330

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hambolu D, Freeman J, Taddese HB (2013) Predictors of bovine TB risk behaviour amongst meat handlers in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study guided by the health belief model. PloS One 8(2):e56091

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen N, Seiler C, Rumpf J, Kraft P, Dlaske H, Abele-Horn M, Muellges W (2012) Human tuberculous meningitis caused by Mycobacterium caprae. Case Rep Neurol 4(1):54–60

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hegarty H, O’Sullivan MB, Buckley J, Foley-Nolan C (2002) Continued raw milk consumption on farms: why?. Commun Dis Public Health 5(2):151–156

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hershberg R, Lipatov M, Small PM, Sheffer H, Niemann S, Homolka S, Roach JC, Kremer K, Petrov DA, Feldman MW, Gagneux S (2008) High functional diversity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis driven by genetic drift and human demography. PLoS Biol 6(12):e311

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hlavsa MC, Moonan PK, Cowan LS, Navin TR, Kammerer JS, Morlock GP, Crawford JT, Lobue PA (2008) Human tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in the United States, 1995–2005. Clin Infect Dis 47(2):168–175

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jahans K, Palmer S, Inwald J, Brown J, Abayakoon S (2004) Isolation of Mycobacterium microti from a male Charolais-Hereford cross. Vet Rec 155(12):373–374

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jain A (2011) Extra pulmonary tuberculosis: a diagnostic dilemma. Indian J Clin Biochem 26(3):269–273

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jalava K, Jones JA, Goodchild T, Clifton-Hadley R, Mitchell A, Story A, Watson JM (2007) No increase in human cases of Mycobacterium bovis disease despite resurgence of infections in cattle in the United Kingdom. Epidemiol Infect 135(1):40–45

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones SD (2004) Mapping a zoonotic disease: Anglo-American efforts to control bovine tuberculosis before World War I. Osiris 19:133–148

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kao RR, Gravenor MB, Charleston B, Hope JC, Martin M, Howard CJ (2007) Mycobacterium bovis shedding patterns from experimentally infected calves and the effect of concurrent infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus. J Royal Soc Interface/Royal Soc 4(14):545–551

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kazwala RR, Kusiluka LJ, Sinclair K, Sharp JM, Daborn CJ (2006) The molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis infections in Tanzania. Vet Microbiol 112(2–4):201–210

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keet DF, Kriek NPJ, Penrith ML, Michel A, Huchzermeyer H (1996) Tuberculosis in buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) in the Kruger National Park: spread of the disease to other species. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 63(3):239–244

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kiers A, Klarenbeek A, Mendelts B, Van Soolingen D, Koeter G (2008) Transmission of Mycobacterium pinnipedii to humans in a zoo with marine mammals. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 12(12):1469–1473

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koch R (2013) The combating of tuberculosis in the light of the experience that has been gained in the successful combating of other infectious diseases. (J Comp Pathol Ther (1901 14(3))) J Comp Pathol 148(2–3):107–114

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kolditz M, Koschel D, Philipp E, Hoffken G (2010) Retrospective analysis of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis 2004–2008. Pneumologie 64(11):675–678

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krajewska M, Kozinska M, Zwolska Z, Lipiec M, Augustynowicz-Kopec E, Szulowski K (2012) Human as a source of tuberculosis for cattle. First evidence of transmission in Poland. Vet Microbiol 159(1–2):269–271

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kwan CK, Ernst JD (2011) HIV and tuberculosis: a deadly human syndemic. Clin Microbiol Rev 24(2):351–376

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lall JM (1969) Tuberculosis among animals in India. Vet Bull 39:385–390

    Google Scholar 

  • Larsen MV, Sorensen IJ, Thomsen VO, Ravn P (2008) Re-activation of bovine tuberculosis in a patient treated with infliximab. Eur Respir J 32(1):229–231

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lesslie IW (1967) The prevalence and possible causes of non-specific sensitivity to mammalian tuberculin in cattle in some countries. Bull Int Union Tuberc 39(1):114–116

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • LoBue PA, Enarson DA, Thoen CO (2010) Tuberculosis in humans and animals: an overview. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 14(9):1075–1078

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maas M, Michel AL, Rutten VP (2013) Facts and dilemmas in diagnosis of tuberculosis in wildlife. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 36(3):269–285

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Majoor CJ, Magis-Escurra C, van Ingen J, Boeree MJ, van Soolingen D (2011) Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis disease in humans, The Netherlands, 1993–2007. Emerg Infect Dis 17(3):457–463

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mamo G, Bayleyegn G, Sisay Tessema T, Legesse M, Medhin G, Bjune G, Abebe F, Ameni G (2011) Pathology of camel tuberculosis and molecular characterization of its causative agents in pastoral regions of Ethiopia. PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource] 6(1):e15862

    CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • McLaughlin AM, Gibbons N, Fitzgibbon M, Power JT, Foley SC, Hayes JP, Rogers T, Keane J (2012) Primary isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium bovis disease: a prospect of concern. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 186(1):110–111

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mechai F, Soler C, Aoun O, Fabre M, Merens A, Imbert P, Rapp C (2011) Primary Mycobacterium bovis infection revealed by erythema nodosum. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 15(8):1131–1132

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mfinanga SG, Morkve O, Kazwala RR, Cleaveland S, Sharp JM, Shirima G, Nilsen R (2003) The role of livestock keeping in tuberculosis trends in Arusha, Tanzania. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 7(7):695–704

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mfinanga SG, Morkve O, Kazwala RR, Cleaveland S, Sharp MJ, Kunda J, Nilsen R (2004) Mycobacterial adenitis: role of Mycobacterium bovis, non-tuberculous mycobacteria, HIV infection, and risk factors in Arusha, Tanzania. East Afr Med J 81(4):171–178

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Michalak K, Austin C, Diesel S, Bacon MJ, Zimmerman P, Maslow JN (1998) Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection as a zoonotic disease: transmission between humans and elephants. Emerg Infect Dis 4(2):283–287

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Michel AL, Huchzermeyer HF (1998) The zoonotic importance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: transmission from human to monkey. J S Afr Vet Assoc 69(2):64–65

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Michel AL, Venter L, Espie IW, Coetzee ML (2003) Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections in eight species at the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, 1991–2001. J Zoo Wildl Med 34(4):364–370

    Google Scholar 

  • Michel AL, Bengis RG, Keet DF, Hofmeyr M, Klerk LM, Cross PC, Jolles AE, Cooper D, Whyte IJ, Buss P, Godfroid J (2006) Wildlife tuberculosis in South African conservation areas: implications and challenges. Vet Microbiol 112(2–4):91–100

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Michel AL, Coetzee ML, Keet DF, Mare L, Warren R, Cooper D, Bengis RG, Kremer K, van Helden P (2009) Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis isolates from free-ranging wildlife in South African game reserves. Vet Microbiol 133(4):335–343

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Michel AL, Müller B, Helden PD (2010) Mycobacterium bovis at the animal-human interface: a problem, or not? Vet Microbiol 140(3):371–381

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Michel AL, Geoghegan C, van der Merwe M, Hlokwe T, Marcotty T (2011) Mycobacteria in the food chain: a problem or not? (Abstract) One Health Conference, 14–16 February 2011, Melbourne, Australia

    Google Scholar 

  • Michel AL, Hlokwe TM, Espie IW, van Ziijll Langhout M, Koeppel K, Lane E (2013) Mycobacterium tuberculosis at the human/wildlife interface in a high TB burden country. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, vol. (In press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Milian-Suazo F, Perez-Guerrero L, Arriaga-Diaz C, Escartin-Chavez M (2010) Molecular epidemiology of human cases of tuberculosis by Mycobacterium bovis in Mexico. Preventive veterinary medicine

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller M, Olea-Popelka F (2013) One Health in the shrinking world: experiences with tuberculosis at the human-livestock-wildlife interface. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 36(3):263–268

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Montali RJ, Mikota SK, Cheng LI (2001) Mycobacterium tuberculosis in zoo and wildlife species. Rev Sci Tech 20(1):291–303

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moonan PK, Chatterjee SG, Lobue PA (2009) The molecular epidemiology of human and zoonotic Mycobacterium bovis: the intersection between veterinary medicine and public health. Prev Vet Med 88(3):226–227

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mostowy S, Cousins D, Behr MA (2004) Genomic interrogation of the dassie bacillus reveals it as a unique RD1 mutant within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. J Bacteriol 186(1):104–109

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muller B, Durr S, Alonso S, Hattendorf J, Laisse CJ, Parsons SD, van Helden PD, Zinsstag J (2013) Zoonotic Mycobacterium bovis-induced Tuberculosis in Humans. Emerg Infect Dis 19(6):899–908

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murphree R, Warkentin JV, Dunn JR, Schaffner W, Jones TF (2011) Elephant-to-human transmission of tuberculosis, 2009. Emerg Infect Dis 17(3):366–371

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muwonge A, Johansen TB, Vigdis E, Godfroid J, Olea-Popelka F, Biffa D, Skjerve E, Djonne B (2012) Mycobacterium bovis infections in slaughter pigs in Mubende district, Uganda: a public health concern. BMC Vet Res 8:168-6148-8-168

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Myers JA, Steele JH (eds) (1969) Bovine tuberculosis control in man and animals. Warren H Green, St. Louis, Missouri. USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Neill SD, Bryson DG, Pollock JM (2001) Pathogenesis of tuberculosis in cattle. Tuberculosis 81(1–2):79–86

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nugent G, Whitford J, Yockney IJ, Cross ML (2012) Reduced spillover transmission of Mycobacterium bovis to feral pigs (Sus scofa) following population control of brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula). Epidemiol Infect 140(6):1036–1047

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Obanda V, Poghon J, Yongo M, Mulei I, Ngotho M, Waititu K, Makumi J, Gakuya F, Omondi P, Soriguer RC, Alasaad S (2013) First reported case of fatal tuberculosis in a wild African elephant with past human-wildlife contact. Epidemiol Infect 141(7):1476–1480

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ocepek M, Pate M, Zolnir-Dovc M, Poljak M (2005) Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from human to cattle. J Clin Microbiol 43(7):3555–3557

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oevermann A, Pfyffer GE, Zanolari P, Meylan M, Robert N (2004) Generalized tuberculosis in llamas (Lama glama) due to Mycobacterium microti. J Clin Microbiol 42(4):1818–1821

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oh P, Granich R, Scott J, Sun B, Joseph M, Stringfield C, Thisdell S, Staley J, Workman-Malcolm D, Borenstein L, Lehnkering E, Ryan P, Soukup J, Nitta A, Flood J (2002a) Human exposure following Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of multiple animal species in a Metropolitan Zoo. Emerg Infect Dis 8(11):1290–1293

    Google Scholar 

  • Oh P, Granich R, Scott J, Sun B, Joseph M, Stringfield C, Thisdell S, Staley J, Workman-Malcolm D, Borenstein L, Lehnkering E, Ryan P, Soukup J, Nitta A, Flood J (2002b) Human exposure following Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of multiple animal species in a Metropolitan Zoo. Emerg Infect Dis 8(11):1290–1293

    Google Scholar 

  • Oni T, Gideon HP, Bangani N, Tsekela R, Seldon R, Wood K, Wilkinson KA, Goliath RT, Ottenhoff TH, Wilkinson RJ (2012) Risk factors associated with indeterminate gamma interferon responses in the assessment of latent tuberculosis infection in a high-incidence environment. Clin Vaccine Immunol 19(8):1243–1247

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer MV, Waters WR, Whipple DL (2002) Milk containing Mycobacterium bovis as a source of infection for white-tailed deer fawns (Odocoileus virginianus). Tuberculosis (Edinb) 82(4–5):161–165

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer MV, Thacker TC, Waters WR, Gortazar C, Corner LA (2012) Mycobacterium bovis: a model pathogen at the interface of livestock, wildlife, and humans. Vet Med Int 2012:236205

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park D, Qin H, Jain S, Preziosi M, Minuto JJ, Mathews WC, Moser KS, Benson CA (2010) Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in Patients Coinfected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Clin Infect Dis 50(Suppl 3):S201–S207

    Google Scholar 

  • Parra A, Fernandez-Llario P, Tato A, Larrasa J, Garcia A, Alonso JM, Hermoso de Mendoza M, Hermoso de Mendoza J (2003) Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis infections of pigs and wild boars using a molecular approach. Vet Microbiol 97(1–2):123–133

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons SD, Warren RM, Ottenhoff TH, Gey van Pittius NC, van Helden PD (2012) Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in dogs in a high-risk setting. Res Vet Sci 92(3):414–419

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pate M, Svara T, Gombac M, Paller T, Zolnir-Dovc M, Emersic I, Prodinger WM, Bartos M, Zdovc I, Krt B, Pavlik I, Cvetnic Z, Pogacnik M, Ocepek M (2006) Outbreak of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium caprae in a zoological garden. J Vet Med Ser B 53(8):387–392

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pavlik I, Ayele WY, Parmova I, Melicharek I, Hanzlikova M, Svejnochova M, Körmendy B, Nagy G, Cvetnic Z, Katalinic-Jankovic V, Ocepek M, Zolnir-Dovc M, Lipiec M, Havelkova M (2003) Mycobacterium tuberculosis in animal and human populations in six Central European countries during 1990–1999. Veterinární Medicína 48(4):83–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Pesciaroli M, Russo M, Mazzone P, Aronica V, Fiasconaro M, Boniotti MB, Corneli S, Cagiola M, Pacciarini M, Di Marco V, Pasquali P (2012) Evaluation of the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) assay to diagnose Mycobacterium bovis infection in pigs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 148(3–4):369–372

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Portillo-Gomez L, Sosa-Iglesias EG (2011) Molecular identification of Mycobacterium bovis and the importance of zoonotic tuberculosis in Mexican patients. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 15(10):1409–1414

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Posthaus H, Bodmer T, Alves L, Oevermann A, Schiller I, Rhodes SG, Zimmerli S (2011) Accidental infection of veterinary personnel with Mycobacterium tuberculosis at necropsy: a case study. Vet Microbiol 149(3–4):374–380

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prasad HK, Singhal A, Mishra A, Shah NP, Katoch VM, Thakral SS, Singh DV, Chumber S, Bal S, Aggarwal S, Padma MV, Kumar S, Singh MK, Acharya SK (2005) Bovine tuberculosis in India: potential basis for zoonosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 85(5–6):421–428

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Renwick AR, White PC, Bengis RG (2007) Bovine tuberculosis in southern African wildlife: a multi-species host-pathogen system. Epidemiol Infect 135(4):529–540

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes S, Holder T, Clifford D, Dexter I, Brewer J, Smith N, Waring L, Crawshaw T, Gillgan S, Lyashchenko K, Lawrence J, Clarke J, de la Rua-Domenech R, Vordermeier M (2012) Evaluation of gamma interferon and antibody tuberculosis tests in alpacas. Clin Vaccine Immunol 19(10):1677–1683

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ridaura-Sanz C, Lopez-Corella E, Lopez-Ridaura R (2012) Intestinal/peritoneal tuberculosis in children: an analysis of autopsy cases. Tuberc Res Treat 2012:230814

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robert J, Boulahbal F, Trystram D, Truffot-Pernot C, de Benoist AC, Vincent V, Jarlier V, Grosset J (1999) A national survey of human Mycobacterium bovis infection in France. Network of Microbiology Laboratories in France. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 3(8):711–714

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez S, Romero B, Bezos J, de Juan L, Alvarez J, Castellanos E, Moya N, Lozano F, Gonzalez S, Saez-Llorente JL, Mateos A, Dominguez L, Aranaz A, Spanish Network on Surveillance and Monitoring of Animal, Tuberculosis (2010) High spoligotype diversity within a Mycobacterium bovis population: clues to understanding the demography of the pathogen in Europe. Vet Microbiol 141(1–2):89–95

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez-Campos S, Aranaz A, de Juan L, Saez-Llorente JL, Romero B, Bezos J, Jimenez A, Mateos A, Dominguez L (2011) Limitations of spoligotyping and variable-number tandem-repeat typing for molecular tracing of Mycobacterium bovis in a high-diversity setting. J Clin Microbiol 49(9):3361–3364

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rodwell TC, Moore M, Moser KS, Brodine SK, Strathdee SA (2008) Tuberculosis from Mycobacterium bovis in binational communities, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 14(6):909–916

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rodwell TC, Kapasi AJ, Moore M, Milian-Suazo F, Harris B, Guerrero LP, Moser K, Strathdee SA, Garfein RS (2010) Tracing the origins of Mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis in humans in the USA to cattle in Mexico using spoligotyping. Int J Infect Dis 14(Suppl 3):e129–135

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Romero B, Rodriguez S, Bezos J, Diaz R, Copano MF, Merediz I, Minguez O, Marques S, Palacios JJ, Garcia de Viedma D, Saez JL, Mateos A, Aranaz A, Dominguez L, de Juan L (2011) Humans as source of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in cattle, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis 17(12):2393–2395

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schoning JM, Cerny N, Prohaska S, Wittenbrink MM, Smith NH, Bloemberg G, Pewsner M, Schiller I, Origgi FC, Ryser-Degiorgis MP (2013) Surveillance of bovine tuberculosis and risk estimation of a future reservoir formation in wildlife in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. PloS One 8(1):e54253

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schubel N, Rupp J, Gottschalk S, Zabel P, Dalhoff K (2006) Disseminated Mycobacterium bovis infection in an immunocompetent host. Eur J Med Res 11(4):163–166

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwedler H (1982) Development of control and eradication of tuberculosis among cattle in GDR. Z Erkr Atmungsorgane 158(1–2):110–116

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sechi LA, Zanetti S, Sanguinetti M, Molicotti P, Romano L, Leori G, Delogu G, Boccia S, La Sorda M, Fadda G (2001) Molecular basis of rifampin and isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium bovis strains isolated in Sardinia, Italy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45(6):1645–1648

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shrikrishna D, Rua-Domenech R, Smith NH, Colloff A, Coutts I (2009) Human and canine pulmonary Mycobacterium bovis infection in the same household: re-emergence of an old zoonotic threat? Thorax 64(1):89–91

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Silaigwana B, Green E, Ndip RN (2012) Molecular detection and drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from cattle at a dairy farm in the Nkonkobe Region of South Africa: a pilot study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 9(6):2045–2056

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Silva MR, Rocha AD, Costa RR, Alencar AP, Oliveira VM, Fonseca AA J, Sales ML, Issa MD, Soares PM F, Pereira OT, Santos EC, Mendes RS, Ferreira AM, Mota PM, Suffys PN, Guimaraes MD (2013) Tuberculosis patients co-infected with Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an urban area of Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 108(3):S0074–S02762013000300321

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith T (1898) A comparative study of Bovine Tubercle Bacilli and of Human Bacilli from Sputum. J Exp Med 3(4–5):451–511

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava K, Chauhan DS, Gupta P, Singh HB, Sharma VD, Yadav VS, Sreekumaran, Thakral SS, Dharamdheeran JS, Nigam P, Prasad HK, Katoch VM (2008) Isolation of Mycobacterium bovis & M. tuberculosis from cattle of some farms in north India-possible relevance in human health. Indian J Med Res 128(1):26–31

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stetter MD, Mikota SK, Gutter AF, Monterroso ER, Dalovisio JR, Degraw C, Farley T (1995) Epizootic of Mycobacterium bovis in a zoologic park. J Am Vet Med Assoc 207(12):1618–1621

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stone MJ, Brown TJ, Drobniewski FA (2012) Human Mycobacterium bovis infections in London and Southeast England. J Clin Microbiol 50(1):164–165

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sulieman MS, Hamid ME (2002) Identification of acid fast bacteria from caseous lesions in cattle in Sudan. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 49(9):415–418

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Supply P, Mazars E, Lesjean S, Vincent V, Gicquel B, Locht C (2000) Variable human minisatellite-like regions in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome. Mol Microbiol 36(3):762–771

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor C, Jahans K, Palmer S, Okker M, Brown J, Steer K (2006) Mycobacterium microti isolated from two pigs. Vet Rec 159(2):59–60

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thakur A, Sharma M, Katoch VC, Dhar P, Katoch RC (2012) Detection of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Cattle: Possible Public Health Relevance. Indian J Microbiol 52(2):289–291

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Torres-Gonzalez P, Soberanis-Ramos O, Martinez-Gamboa A, Chavez-Mazari B, Barrios-Herrera MT, Torres-Rojas M, Cruz-Hervert LP, Garcia-Garcia L, Singh M, Gonzalez-Aguirre A, Ponce de Leon-Garduno A, Sifuentes-Osornio J, Bobadilla-Del-Valle M (2013) Prevalence of latent and active tuberculosis among dairy farm workers exposed to cattle infected by Mycobacterium bovis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7(4):e2177

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Twomey DF, Higgins RJ, Worth DR, Okker M, Gover K, Nabb EJ, Speirs G (2010) Cutaneous TB caused by Mycobacterium bovis in a veterinary surgeon following exposure to a tuberculous alpaca (Vicugna pacos). Vet Rec 166(6):175–177

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Une Y, Mori T (2007) Tuberculosis as a zoonosis from a veterinary perspective. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 30(5–6):415–425

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Ingen J, Rahim Z, Mulder A, Boeree MJ, Simeone R, Brosch R, van Soolingen D (2012) Characterization of Mycobacterium orygis as M. tuberculosis complex subspecies. Emerg Infect Dis 18(4):653–655

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vosloo W, Bastos AD, Michel A, Thomson GR (2001) Tracing movement of African buffalo in southern Africa. Rev Sci Tech 20(2):630–639

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Waters WR, Stevens GE, Schoenbaum MA, Orloski KA, Robbe-Austerman S, Harris NB, Hall SM, Thomsen BV, Wilson AJ, Brannian RE, Nelson JT, Schafer S, Esfandiari J, Dutton M, Greenwald R, Lyashchenko KP (2011) Bovine tuberculosis in a nebraska herd of farmed elk and fallow deer: a failure of the tuberculin skin test and opportunities for serodiagnosis. Vet Med Internat 2011:953985

    Google Scholar 

  • Wedlock DN, Keen DL, McCarthy AR, Andersen P, Buddle BM (2002) Effect of different adjuvants on the immune responses of cattle vaccinated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 86(1–2):79–88

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wernery U, Kinne J (2012) Tuberculosis in camelids: a review. Rev Sci Tech 31(3):899–906

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Whelan AO, Coad M, Cockle PJ, Hewinson G, Vordermeier M, Gordon SV (2010) Revisiting host preference in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: experimental infection shows M. tuberculosis H37Rv to be avirulent in cattle. PloS one 5(1):e8527

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Whiting TL, Tessaro SV (1994) An abattoir study of tuberculosis in a herd of farmed elk. Can Vet J 35(8):497–501

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • WHO (2009) Neglected zoonoses site:www.who.int/entity/zoonoses10/06/2009

  • Wilkins MJ, Bartlett PC, Berry DE, Perry RL, Fitzgerald SD, Bernardo TM, Thoen CO, Kaneene JB (2008) Absence of Mycobacterium bovis infection in dogs and cats residing on infected cattle farms: Michigan, 2002. Epidemiol Infect 136(12):1617–1623

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson G, Broughan J, Chambers M, Clifton-Hadley R, Crawshaw T, de la Fuente J, Delahay R, Gavier-Widen D, Gortazar C, Hewinson G, Jackson V, Martín-Hernando, Paz M, Neimanis A, Salguero F, Vicente J, Ward A, McDonald R (2009) Scientific review on tuberculosis in wildlife in the EU. Technical report. European Food Safety Authority. CFP/EFSA/AHAW/2008/3

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (2011) Global tuberculosis control: WHO Report 2011, World Health Organization

    Google Scholar 

  • Zarden CF, Marassi CD, Figueiredo EE, Lilenbaum W (2013) Mycobacterium bovis detection from milk of negative skin test cows. Vet Rec 172(5):130

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zumarraga MJ, Soutullo A, Garcia MI, Marini R, Abdala A, Tarabla H, Echaide S, Lopez M, Zervini E, Canal A, Cataldi AA (2012) Detection of Mycobacterium bovis-infected dairy herds using PCR in bulk tank milk samples. Foodborne Pathog Dis 9(2):132–137

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zumarraga MJ, Vivot MM, Marticorena D, Bernardelli A, Fasan R, Iachini R, Cataldi AA (2009) Mycobacterium bovis in Argentina: isolates from cats typified by spoligotyping. Rev Argent Microbiol 41(4):215–217

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, P/Bag X 4, 0110, Onderstepoort, South Africa

    Anita Luise Michel

Authors
  1. Anita Luise Michel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anita Luise Michel .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Infectiology, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Bayern, Germany

    Andreas Sing

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Michel, A. (2015). Zoonotic Aspects of Tuberculosis: Disease of the past or re-emerging zoonosis?. In: Sing, A. (eds) Zoonoses - Infections Affecting Humans and Animals. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9457-2_36

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation