Abstract
In this chapter, the generic ballast water management (BWM) decision support systems (DSS) model presented in the chapter “Ballast Water Management Decision Support System” is validated by using one year real ballast water discharge data of the Port of Koper, Slovenia. All possible BWM options as outlined in the BWM Convention have been studied, and data on vessel voyages were collected or assessed, including vessel movements, main routes, navigational constraints and ballast water patterns, i.e., amount of ballast water to be managed per vessel and type, ballast water exchange (BWE) capacity rates per vessel type and source ports relevant for risk assessment (RA). The ballast water discharge data were analysed to assess (a) the number of vessels that would be able to conduct BWE on their intended routes according to the BWM Convention, and (b) the quantity of ballast water which would be discharged (managed versus unmanaged). It is most likely that only vessels from outside the Adriatic are enabled to conduct BWE before they call at the Port of Koper. A ballast water exchange area in the Adriatic would open more options to conduct BWE. The RA results from source ports were related to each vessel to assign the level of risk to each vessel discharging ballast water. A critical situation arises when ballast water is assessed as to pose an extreme risk as the BWM DSS would conclude that these vessels would not be allowed to discharge unmanaged ballast water.
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Notes
- 1.
The data on traffic patterns and BW discharges were collected with BWRF as part of the national research projects Harmful Introductions and Ballast Water Management in the Slovenian Sea and Decision Model and Control of Ballast Water Management in the Slovenian Sea, and taken for further analysis in this chapter.
- 2.
Sea transport connections, http://www.luka-kp.si/eng/vsebina.asp?IDpm=118#sea, last accessed January 2014.
- 3.
This approach has also other implications (e.g., availability, financial) that would need to be studied first.
- 4.
i.e., no baseline surveys or monitoring programs for HAO were conducted in source ports.
- 5.
i.e., indicator microbes, as a human health standard, shall include:
-
1.
Toxicogenic Vibrio cholerae (O1 and O139) with less than 1 colony forming unit (cfu) per 100 ml or less than 1 cfu per 1 g (wet weight) zooplankton samples;
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2.
Escherichia coli less than 250 cfu per 100 ml;
-
3.
Intestinal Enterococci less than 100 cfu per 100 ml.
Results reported as MPN per 100 ml.
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1.
- 6.
- 7.
http://www.who.int/csr/don/en, last accessed January 2014.
- 8.
i.e., limited to Mediterranean; ports outside the Mediterranean are were considered.
- 9.
HANA, IOC Network on Harmful Algae in North Africa.
- 10.
Found no data that would confirm HABs.
- 11.
i.e., Considered as HAB based on Yan et al. 2002, A national report on harmful algal blooms in China. (http://www.pices.int/publications/scientific_reports/Report23/HAB_China.pdf, last accessed January 2014).
- 12.
i.e., considered as HAB based on Lee et al. 2002. Harmful Algal Blooms (Red Tides): Management and Mitigation in the Republic of Korea. (http://www.pices.int/publications/scientific_reports/Report23/HAB_Korea.pdf, last accessed January 2014).
- 13.
i.e., considered as HAB based on Taylor and Harrison 2002. Harmful Algal Blooms in Western Canadian Coastal Waters. (http://www.pices.int/publications/scientific_reports/Report23/HAB_Canada.pdf, last accessed January 2014).
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Acknowledgements
Part of these results were obtained in the framework of the research project Decision Model and Control of Ballast Water Management in the Slovenian Sea (L2-6291), which was financially supported by the Slovenian Research Agency and the Port of Koper (Luka Koper d.d.) and as Matej David’s PhD work, supervised by Prof. Livij Jakomin, Slovenia and Prof. Chad Hewitt, Australia. This contribution was developed to support the project Vectors of Change in Oceans and Seas Marine Life, Impact on Economic Sectors (VECTORS), which has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under Grant Agreement No. 266445.
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David, M., Gollasch, S. (2015). Ballast Water Management Decision Support System Model Application. In: David, M., Gollasch, S. (eds) Global Maritime Transport and Ballast Water Management. Invading Nature - Springer Series in Invasion Ecology, vol 8. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9367-4_10
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