Abstract
Manage lands without opposing agricultural practices and conservation of natural resources is a major challenge for world agriculture. The model of the Green Revolution is extremely expensive in natural resources and in terms of biodiversity losses. It is, therefore, not applicable to developing countries where family farming predominates. In addition rural areas are becoming increasingly residential and are also being targeted by other productive sectors land including the extractive activities. Thus this competition for water access and plant resources is a strong menace for the future of family farming and more globally for the world agriculture. This chapter concludes the third part of the book by examining the challenges of the use and management of natural resources by family farming models, both at the level of their system of production and in relation to their competition with other agricultural and non-agricultural forms of resource use focusing especially on the crop biodiversity, access to land and water, and challenges posed by environmental change. The practices adopted in family farming systems are put in perspective in relation to their alternatives for long term sustainability and the role of public policy.
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Notes
- 1.
The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization (ABS) to the Convention on Biological Diversity is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). It provides a transparent legal framework for the effective implementation of one of the three objectives of the CBD: the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources. The Nagoya Protocol on ABS was adopted on 29 October 2010 in Nagoya, Japan and will enter into force 90 days after the fiftieth instrument of ratification. For more information, see: http://www.cbd.int/abs/.
- 2.
The great eastern plains on the island of Sumatra in Indonesia were thus gradually covered by independent family plantations, first of rubber and then of oil palm as an extension of agro-industrial projects in contract-based partnerships with family farmers.
- 3.
This model is now very common in cocoa production in Cameroon (Chap. 9).
- 4.
The strong opposition to Herakles Farms, a proposed oil palm plantation, in Cameroon illustrates this type of response (Feintrenie 2013).
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Clavel, D., Feintrenie, L., Jamin, JY., Torquebiau, E., Bazile, D. (2015). Challenges of Managing and Using Natural Resources. In: Sourisseau, JM. (eds) Family Farming and the Worlds to Come. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9358-2_13
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