Skip to main content

Microwave Ablation of Benign Thyroid Nodules

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Microwave Ablation Treatment of Solid Tumors

Abstract

Image-guided microwave ablation is being considered as an optional minimally invasive treatment for benign thyroid nodules because of its relative low cost, its ability to provide large regions of coagulative necrosis, and its relatively short treatment period. Microwave ablation can reduce volume of benign thyroid nodules and solve nodule-related clinical problems. In the following chapter, we review the equipment, indications, patient preparation, procedures, clinical results, and complications of microwave ablation on benign thyroid nodules, in comparison to percutaneous ethanol ablation, radiofrequency ablation, and laser ablation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

EA:

Ethanol ablation

fT4:

Free thyroxine

LA:

Laser ablation

MWA:

Microwave ablation

RFA:

Radiofrequency ablation

T3:

Triiodothyronine

TSH:

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

US:

Ultrasound

References

  1. Feng B, Liang P, Cheng Z, Yu X, Yu J, Han Z, Liu F. Ultrasound guided percutaneous microwave ablation of benign thyroid nodules – experimental and clinical studies. Eur J Endocrinol. 2012;166:1031–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Shin JH, Baek JH, Ha EJ, Lee JH. Radiofrequency ablation of thyroid nodules: basic principles and clinical application. Int J Endocrinol. 2012;2012:1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Papini E, Guglielmi R, Bizzarri G, Graziano F, Bianchini A, Brufani C, Pacella S, Valle D, Pacella CM. Treatment of benign cold thyroid nodules: a randomized clinical trial of percutaneous laser ablation versus levothyroxine therapy or follow-up. Thyroid. 2007;17:229–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Liang P, Wang Y, Yu X, Dong B. Malignant liver tumors: treatment with percutaneous microwave ablation–complications among cohort of 1136 patients. Radiology. 2009;251:933–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Liang P, Gao Y, Zhang H, Yu X, Wang Y, Duan Y, Shi W. Microwave ablation in the spleen for treatment of secondary hypersplenism: a preliminary study. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011;196:692–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Wang Y, Liang P, Yu X, Cheng Z, Yu J, Dong J. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation of adrenal metastasis: preliminary results. Int J Hyperthermia. 2009;25:455–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Liang P, Wang Y, Zhang D, Yu X, Gao Y, Ni X. Ultrasound guided percutaneous microwave ablation for small renal cancer: initial experience. J Urol. 2008;180:844–8; discussion 848.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Belfiore G, Ronza F, Belfiore MP, Serao N, di Ronza G, Grassi R, Rotondo A. Patients’ survival in lung malignancies treated by microwave ablation: our experience on 56 patients. Eur J Radiol. 2013;82:177–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Yue W, Wang S, Wang B, Xu Q, Yu S, Yonglin Z, Wang X. Ultrasound guided percutaneous microwave ablation of benign thyroid nodules: safety and imaging follow-up in 222 patients. Eur J Radiol. 2013;82:e11–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Na DG, Lee JH, Jung SL, Kim JH, Sung JY, Shin JH, Kim EK, Lee JH, Kim DW, Park JS, Kim KS, Baek SM, Lee Y, Chong S, Sim JS, Huh JY, Bae JI, Kim KT, Han SY, Bae MY, Kim YS, Baek JH, Korean Society of Thyroid R Korean Society of R. Radiofrequency ablation of benign thyroid nodules and recurrent thyroid cancers: consensus statement and recommendations. Korean J Radiol. 2012;13:117–25.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Moon WJ, Baek JH, Jung SL, Kim DW, Kim EK, Kim JY, Kwak JY, Lee JH, Lee JH, Lee YH, Na DG, Park JS, Park SW, Korean Society of Thyroid R Korean Society of R. Ultrasonography and the ultrasound-based management of thyroid nodules: consensus statement and recommendations. Korean J Radiol. 2011;12:1–14.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Baek JH, Kim YS, Lee D, Huh JY, Lee JH. Benign predominantly solid thyroid nodules: prospective study of efficacy of sonographically guided radiofrequency ablation versus control condition. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;194:1137–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Jang SW, Baek JH, Kim JK, Sung JY, Choi H, Lim HK, Park JW, Lee HY, Park S, Lee JH. How to manage the patients with unsatisfactory results after ethanol ablation for thyroid nodules: role of radiofrequency ablation. Eur J Radiol. 2012;81:905–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Baek JH, Lee JH, Valcavi R, Pacella CM, Rhim H, Na DG. Thermal ablation for benign thyroid nodules: radiofrequency and laser. Korean J Radiol. 2011;12:525–40.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Yu J, Liang P, Yu XL, Cheng ZG, Han ZY, Mu MJ, Wang XH. US-guided percutaneous microwave ablation of renal cell carcinoma: intermediate-term results. Radiology. 2012;263:900–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Ha EJ, Baek JH, Lee JH. The efficacy and complications of radiofrequency ablation of thyroid nodules. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2011;18:310–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Baek JH, Lee JH, Sung JY, Bae JI, Kim KT, Sim J, Baek SM, Kim YS, Shin JH, Park JS, Kim DW, Kim JH, Kim EK, Jung SL, Na DG, Korean Society of Thyroid R. Complications encountered in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules with US-guided radiofrequency ablation: a multicenter study. Radiology. 2012;262:335–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Jeong WK, Baek JH, Rhim H, Kim YS, Kwak MS, Jeong HJ, Lee D. Radiofrequency ablation of benign thyroid nodules: safety and imaging follow-up in 236 patients. Eur Radiol. 2008;18:1244–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Spiezia S, Garberoglio R, Milone F, Ramundo V, Caiazzo C, Assanti AP, Deandrea M, Limone PP, Macchia PE, Lombardi G, Colao A, Faggiano A. Thyroid nodules and related symptoms are stably controlled two years after radiofrequency thermal ablation. Thyroid. 2009;19:219–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Lim HK, Lee JH, Ha EJ, Sung JY, Kim JK, Baek JH. Radiofrequency ablation of benign non-functioning thyroid nodules: 4-year follow-up results for 111 patients. Eur Radiol. 2013;23:1044–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Valcavi R, Riganti F, Bertani A, Formisano D, Pacella CM. Percutaneous laser ablation of cold benign thyroid nodules: a 3-year follow-up study in 122 patients. Thyroid. 2010;20:1253–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Dossing H, Bennedbaek FN, Hegedus L. Long-term outcome following interstitial laser photocoagulation of benign cold thyroid nodules. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;165:123–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Tarantino L, Francica G, Sordelli I, Sperlongano P, Parmeggiani D, Ripa C, Parmeggiani U. Percutaneous ethanol injection of hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules: long-term follow-up in 125 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008;190:800–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Raggiunti B, Fiore G, Mongia A, Balducci G, Ballone E, Capone F. A 7-year follow-up of patients with thyroid cysts and pseudocysts treated with percutaneous ethanol injection: volume change and cost analysis. J Ultrasound. 2009;12:107–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Kim DW, Rho MH, Park HJ, Kwag HJ. Ultrasonography-guided ethanol ablation of predominantly solid thyroid nodules: a preliminary study for factors that predict the outcome. Br J Radiol. 2012;85:930–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Livraghi T, Ferrari C, Paracchi A, Reschini E, Macchi RM, Ciocia GL, Pirola P. Percutaneous ethanol injections in the treatment of autonomous thyroid nodules. 4 years’ experience. Minerva Endocrinol. 1993;18:187–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. In HS, Kim DW, Choo HJ, Jung SJ, Kang T, Ryu JH. Ethanol ablation of benign thyroid cysts and predominantly cystic thyroid nodules: factors that predict outcome. Endocrine. 2014;46:107–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Tarantino L, Giorgio A, Mariniello N, de Stefano G, Perrotta A, Aloisio V, Tamasi S, Forestieri MC, Esposito F, Finizia L, Voza A. Percutaneous ethanol injection of large autonomous hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules. Radiology. 2000;214:143–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Verges B, Buffier P, Baillot-Rudoni S, Brindisi MC, Bouillet B, Petit JM. Non-ultrasound-guided ethanol sclerotherapy for the treatment of thyroid cysts. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2011;72:203–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Kim YJ, Baek JH, Ha EJ, Lim HK, Lee JH, Sung JY, Kim JK, Kim TY, Kim WB, Shong YK. Cystic versus predominantly cystic thyroid nodules: efficacy of ethanol ablation and analysis of related factors. Eur Radiol. 2012;22:1573–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Yoon HM, Baek JH, Lee JH, Ha EJ, Kim JK, Yoon JH, Kim WB. Combination therapy consisting of ethanol and radiofrequency ablation for predominantly cystic thyroid nodules. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2014;35: 582–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Kim DW. Sonography-guided ethanol ablation of a remnant solid component after radio-frequency ablation of benign solid thyroid nodules: a preliminary study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2012;33:1139–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Kim YS, Rhim H, Tae K, Park DW, Kim ST. Radiofrequency ablation of benign cold thyroid nodules: initial clinical experience. Thyroid. 2006;16: 361–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Faggiano A, Ramundo V, Assanti AP, Fonderico F, Macchia PE, Misso C, Marciello F, Marotta V, Del Prete M, Papini E, Lombardi G, Colao A, Spiezia S. Thyroid nodules treated with percutaneous radiofrequency thermal ablation: a comparative study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97:4439–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Lee JH, Kim YS, Lee D, Choi H, Yoo H, Baek JH. Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) of benign thyroid nodules in patients with incompletely resolved clinical problems after Ethanol Ablation (EA). World J Surg. 2010;34:1488–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Dossing H, Bennedbaek FN, Hegedus L. Interstitial Laser Photocoagulation (ILP) of benign cystic thyroid nodules–a prospective randomized trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98:E1213–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Amabile G, Rotondi M, Pirali B, Dionisio R, Agozzino L, Lanza M, Buonanno L, Di Filippo B, Fonte R, Chiovato L. Interstitial laser photocoagulation for benign thyroid nodules: time to treat large nodules. Lasers Surg Med. 2011;43:797–803.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Ritz JP, Lehmann KS, Zurbuchen U, Knappe V, Schumann T, Buhr HJ, Holmer C. Ex vivo and in vivo evaluation of laser-induced thermotherapy for nodular thyroid disease. Lasers Surg Med. 2009;41:479–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Spiezia S, Vitale G, Di Somma C, Pio Assanti A, Ciccarelli A, Lombardi G, Colao A. Ultrasound-guided laser thermal ablation in the treatment of autonomous hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules and compressive nontoxic nodular goiter. Thyroid. 2003;13:941–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ping Liang MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Feng, B., Liang, P. (2015). Microwave Ablation of Benign Thyroid Nodules. In: Liang, P., Yu, Xl., Yu, J. (eds) Microwave Ablation Treatment of Solid Tumors. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9315-5_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9315-5_19

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-017-9314-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-9315-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics