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Metabolic Engineering of Selected Secondary Metabolites

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Production of Biomass and Bioactive Compounds Using Bioreactor Technology

Abstract

The demand for the production of valuable secondary metabolites is increasing rapidly. While many metabolites can be directly extracted from intact plants, others are routinely produced using cell or organ cultures. The latter, also called Hairy roots when generated through the transformation with the bacterium Agrobacterium rhizogenes, are also amenable to molecular modifications. Similar to intact plants metabolic pathways can be altered by introducing homologous or foreign genes. The better the knowledge of a given pathway, the more efficient will be the genetic alteration. Some of the general requirements for metabolic engineering of secondary metabolites will be discussed together with methodological considerations, especially the analysis of secondary metabolites and also the transformation methods. In addition, some examples for successful establishment of transgenic plants for metabolite production will be described. Finally, some alternative plant production systems will be discussed.

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Abbreviations

AGO:

Argonaute

BL-SOM:

Batch-learning self-organizing map analysis

DCL:

Dicer-like

DSB:

Double stranded DNA breaks

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

GC:

Gas chromatography

GMO:

Genetically modified organism

GSL:

Glucosinolate

HCA:

Hierarchical cluster analysis

HPLC:

High performance liquid chromatography

IEE:

Intercistronic expression element

IR:

Infrared

JA:

Jasmonic acid

JA-Ile:

JA-Isoleucine

LC:

Liquid chromatography

MEP:

Methylerythritol-phosphate

miRNA:

microRNA

MS:

Mass spectrometry

MVA:

Mevalonate

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

PA:

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid

PCA:

Principal component analysis

PLS-DA:

Partial least squares discriminant analysis

QTL:

Quantitative Trait Loci

RISC:

RNA-induced silencing complex

SCF:

SKP, CUL, F-box

TALEN:

Transcription activator-like effector nuclease

Ti:

Tumor-inducing

ZNF:

Zinc finger nuclease

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Acknowledgments

Work in the author’s laboratory was funded by the European Union and the State of Saxony.

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  1. Department of Biology, Institute of Botany, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany

    Jutta Ludwig-Müller

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  1. Jutta Ludwig-Müller
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Correspondence to Jutta Ludwig-Müller .

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  1. Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea, Republic of (South Korea)

    Kee-Yoeup Paek

  2. Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India

    Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy

  3. School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

    Jian-Jiang Zhong

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Ludwig-Müller, J. (2014). Metabolic Engineering of Selected Secondary Metabolites. In: Paek, KY., Murthy, H., Zhong, JJ. (eds) Production of Biomass and Bioactive Compounds Using Bioreactor Technology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9223-3_21

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