Abstract
This chapter treats the main choices, issues, and tradeoffs in the design of flapping wing MAVs. In particular, we discuss the implications of different tail and wing configurations, the energy source and various types of actuators. We also show how choices elementary to aircraft design, such as the trade-off between fuel/battery mass and payload mass can have rather large effects at the scale of light-weight flapping wing MAVs.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsNotes
- 1.
\(I = V / R\), with I current, V voltage, and R resistance.
References
Osaka slow fliers club. http://blog.goo.ne.jp/flappingwing
S. Avadhanula, R.J. Wood, E. Steltz, J. Yan, R.S. Fearing, Lift force improvements for the micromechanical flying insect, in IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 28-30 Oct 2003, Las Vegas NV (2003)
W. Bejgerowski, A. Ananthanarayanan, D. Mueller, S.K. Gupta, Integrated product and process design for a flapping wing drive-mechanism. ASME J. Mech. Design 131 (2009)
O. Chanute, Progress in Flying Machines (Dover, 1894, reprinted 1998)
Toki Corporation. http://www.toki.co.jp/
DARPA, The nano hummingbird surveillance and reconnaissance aircraft developed by aerovironment, inc. under contract to the united states government’s defense advanced research projects agency. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nano_Hummingbird.jpg (2011)
G.C.H.E. de Croon, K.M.E. de Clerq, R. Ruijsink, B. Remes, C. de Wagter, Design, aerodynamics, and vision-based control of the delfly. Int. J. Micro Air Veh. 1(2), 71–97 (2009)
G.C.H.E. de Croon, M.A. Groen, C. De Wagter, B.D.W. Remes, R. Ruijsink, B.W. van Oudheusden, Design, aerodynamics, and autonomy of the delfly. Bioinspir. Biomimet. 7(2) (2012)
X. Deng, L. Schenato, S.S. Sastry, Flapping flight for biomimetic robotic insects: part ii-flight control design. IEEE Trans. Robot. 22(4), 789–803 (2006)
X. Deng, L. Schenato, W.C. Wu, S.S. Sastry, Flapping flight for biomimetic robotic insects: part i-system modeling. IEEE Trans. Robot. 22(4), 776–788 (2006)
R.S. Fearing, K.H. Chiang, M. Dickinson, D.L. Pick, M. Sitti, J. Yan, Wing transmission for a micromechanical flying insect, in IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, April, 2000 (2000)
S.B. Fuller, M. Karpelson, A. Censi, K.Y. Ma, R.J. Wood, Controlling free flight of a robotic fly using an onboard vision sensor inspired by insect ocelli. J. R. Soc. Interface 11(97) (2014)
N. Gaissert, R. Mugrauer, G. Mugrauer, A. Jebens, K. Jebens, E.M. Knubben, Inventing a micro aerial vehicle inspired by the mechanics of dragonfly flight, in Towards Autonomous Robotic Systems, pp. 90–100. Springer (2014)
J. Gerdes, A. Holness, A. Perez-Rosado, L. Roberts, A. Greisinger, E. Barnett, J. Kempny, D. Lingam, C.-H. Yeh, A. Bruck Hugh et al., Robo raven: a flapping-wing air vehicle with highly compliant and independently controlled wings. Soft Robot. 1(4), 275–288 (2014)
J.W. Gerdes, S.K. Gupta, S. Wilkerson, A review of bird-inspired flapping wing miniature air vehicle designs. J. Mech. Robot. 4(2) (2012)
R. Hainsworth, L. Wolf, Hummingbird feeding. Wildbird Magazine (1993)
C-K. Hsu, J. Evans, S. Vytla, P.G. Huang, Development of flapping wing micro air vehicles - design, CFD, experiment and actual flight, in 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition, Orlando, Florida (2010)
M. Karasek, A. Hua, Y. Nan, M. Lalami, A. Preumont, Pitch and roll control mechanism for a hovering flapping wing MAV, in IMAV 2014: International Micro Air Vehicle Conference and Competition 2014, Delft, The Netherlands, 12–15 Aug 2014
M. Karásek, A. Preumont, Flapping flight stability in hover: a comparison of various aerodynamic models. Int. J. Micro Air Veh. 4(3), 203–226 (2012)
M. Keennon, K. Klingebiel, H. Won, A. Andriukov, Development of the nano hummingbird: a tailless flapping wing micro air vehicle, in 50th AIAA Aerospace Science Meeting, pp. 6–12 (2012)
Hobby King. http://www.hobbyking.com/
M. Kovac, M. Bendana, R. Krishnan, J. Burton, M. Smith, R.J. Wood, Multi-stage micro rockets for robotic butterflies. Robot. Syst. Sci. (2012)
N. Leichty, Micro flier radio. http://microflierradio.com/
H. Liu, X. Wang, T. Nakata, K. Yoshida, Aerodynamics and flight stability of a prototype flapping Micro Air Vehicle, in 2012 ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering (CME), pp. 657–662 (2012)
K.Y. Ma, P. Chirarattananon, S.B. Fuller, R.J. Wood, Controlled flight of a biologically inspired, insect-scale robot. Science 340(6132), 603–607 (2013)
P. Muren, The ‘hummer’, a 1-gram flapping wing micro air vehicle, presented at EMAV 2007 (2007)
Plantraco. http://www.plantraco.com/
T.N. Pornsin-Sirirak, Y.-C. Tai, C.-M. Ho, M. Keennon, Microbat: A palm-sized electrically powered ornithopter, in NASA/JPL Workshop on Biomorphic Robots, Pasadena, USA (2001)
C. Richter, H. Lipson, Untethered hovering flapping flight of a 3d-printed mechanical insect. Artif. Life 17, 73–86 (2011)
P.C.S. Fuller, E. Helbling, R. Wood, Using a gyroscope to stabilize the attitude of a fly-sized hovering robot, in International Micro Air Vechicle Competition and Conference 2014, pp. 102–109, Delft, The Netherlands (August 2014)
E. Steltz, S. Avadhanula, R.S. Fearing, High lift force with 275 hz wing beat in MFI, in IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (2007)
E. Steltz, R.S. Fearing, Dynamometer power output measurements of piezoelectric actuators, in IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (2007)
M. Sun, Y. Xiong, Dynamic flight stability of a hovering bumblebee. J. Exp. Biol. 208(3), 447–459 (2005)
G.K. Taylor, L.R.T. Adrian, Dynamic flight stability in the desert locust schistocerca gregaria. J. Exp. Biol. 206(16), 2803–2829 (2003)
New Scale Technologies. http://www.newscaletech.com/
T. van Wageningen, Design analysis for a small scale hydrogen peroxide powered engine for a flapping wing mechanism micro air vehicle. Master’s thesis, Delft University of Technology (2012)
C. De Wagter, The delfly micro ia a 10 cm wing span 3.07 grams flapping wing mav equipped with a camera. it was first built in 2008. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DelFly#/media/File:DelFly_Micro_2008_V1.jpg (2008)
R.J. Wood, The first takeoff of a biologically-inspired at-scale robotic insect. IEEE Trans. Robot. 24(2), 341–347 (2008)
R.J. Wood, S. Avadhanula, R.S. Fearing, microrobotics using composite materials: the micromechanical flying insect thorax, in IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation 2003, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 1842–1849 (2003)
Atomic Workshop. http://www.atomicworkshop.co.uk/
P. Zdunich, D. Bilyk, M. MacMaster, D. Loewen, J. DeLaurier, R. Kornbluh, T. Low, S. Stanford, D. Holeman, Development and testing of the mentor flapping-wing micro air vehicle. J. Aircr. 44(5), 1701–1711 (2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Bussiness Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
de Croon, G.C.H.E., Perçin, M., Remes , B.D.W., Ruijsink, R., De Wagter, C. (2016). Introduction to Flapping Wing Design. In: The DelFly. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9208-0_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9208-0_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-017-9207-3
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-9208-0
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)