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Heat Transfers and Related Effects in Supercritical Fluids pp 1–48Cite as

General Introduction to Near-Critical and Supercritical Fluids

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Part of the book series: Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications ((FMIA,volume 108))

Abstract

A general introduction on near-critical and supercritical fluids is given including the van der Waals equation of state and the critical region. The notions of order parameter, critical fluctuations and fluctuation correlation length (a natural lengthscale for critical point phenomena) are exposed. Mean-field and renormalized critical exponents are defined and discussed. Concerning critical dynamics, the phenomenon of critical slowing-down is presented as the main aspects of phase separation dynamics, including wetting and adsorption properties. The very strong effects due to earth gravity are discussed, as the means to get rid of it (free fall, satellites, magnetic compensation, Plateau method, etc.). A way to fit experimental values within the approximated van der Waals approach is discussed in details. The critical parameters of many fluids of current use are also given (\(^{3}\text {He}\), \(\text {p}\text {H}_{2}\), \(\text {N}_{2}\), \(\text {O}_{2}\), \(\text {Xe}\), \(\text {CO}_{2}\), \(\text {SF}_{6}\), \(\text {H}_{2}\text {O}\)). Specific aspects concerning scaling laws, universality and renormalization-group, the upper critical dimensionality and the conventional theories of nucleation and spinodal decomposition are given in the annex part.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse Cedex 9, 31401, France

    Bernard Zappoli

  2. Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielle de la Ville de Paris and Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris, 75005, France

    Daniel Beysens

  3. Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université de Bordeaux 1, Pessac Cedex, 33608, France

    Yves Garrabos

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  1. Bernard Zappoli
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Correspondence to Bernard Zappoli .

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Zappoli, B., Beysens, D., Garrabos, Y. (2015). General Introduction to Near-Critical and Supercritical Fluids. In: Heat Transfers and Related Effects in Supercritical Fluids. Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, vol 108. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9187-8_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9187-8_1

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