Abstract
Aggregate materials like sand, gravel, and crushed stone occupy a substantial volume of concrete used in constructions. The demand for high quality aggregates that meet the specifications of civil engineers for construction activities is increasing year after year. A better understanding of the aggregate properties is essential for ensuring the construction processes economical and civil structures long lasting. This chapter deals with a brief description of the characteristics and usefulness of fine aggregates for different construction purposes. The precautions that are to be taken during transportation and storage of aggregates are also discussed in the chapter.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bates RL (1969) Geology of the industrial rocks and minerals. Dover, New York, p 459
Brown BE (1997) Integrated coastal management: South Asia. Department for International Development (DFID), United Kingdom
Dunn JR (1983) Dispersed benefit riddle. In: Ault CR, Woodard GS (eds) Proceedings of the 18th forum on geology of industrial minerals: Indiana geological survey occasional paper 37, pp 1–9
Langer WH (1988) Natural aggregates of the conterminous United States. US Geol Surv Bull 1594:33
Langer WH, Glanzman VM (1993) Natural aggregate—Building America’s future. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1110, p 39
Langer WH, Knepper DH Jr (1998) Geologic characterization of natural aggregate: A field geologist’s guide to natural aggregate resaource assessment. In: Bobrowsky PT (ed) Aggregate resources: a global perspective. AA Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 275–293
Leighton MW (1991) Industrial minerals resource identification and evaluation. In: Bush AL, Hayes TS (eds) Industrial minerals of the midcontinent—proceedings of the midcontinent industrial minerals workshop, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2111, pp 9–20
Lüttig GW (1994) Rational management of the geo-environment—a view in favour of “Geobased Planning”. In: Lüttig GW (ed.) Aggregates—raw materials’ giant: report on the 2nd international aggregate symposium, Erlangen, pp 1–34
Regueiro M, Martins L, Feraud J, Arvidsson S (2002) Aggregate extraction in Europe: the role of the geological surveys. In: Geological Survey of North Rhine-Westphalia (ed) Raw materials planning in Europe—change of conditions! New perspectives?: Proceedings of third European conference on mineral planning, Krefeld, Germany, October 8–10, pp 187–198
Sonak S, Pangam P, Sonak M, Mayekar D (2006) Impact of sand mining in local ecology. In: Sangeetha S (ed.) Multiple dimensions of global environmental change, The Energy Research Institute, New Delhi, p 324
USGS (2002) Mineral commodity summaries 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries, p 197
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Padmalal, D., Maya, K. (2014). Sand: The Fine Aggregate. In: Sand Mining. Environmental Science and Engineering. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9144-1_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9144-1_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-017-9143-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-9144-1
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)