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Applied Microbial Ecology and Bioremediation

Microorganisms as Major Actors of Pollution Elimination in the Environment

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Environmental Microbiology: Fundamentals and Applications

Abstract

The large diversity of metabolic capacities and the high genetic plasticity of microorganisms allow them to degrade virtually all organic compounds of natural or anthropogenic (xenobiotics) origin including those that are sources of environmental pollution. Thus microorganisms are major actors to eliminate or alleviate pollutions in the environment. The natural attenuation processes due to microbial activities (biodegradation and/or biotransformation) as well as the possibilities of using microorganisms in preventive treatments and bioremediation – biostimulation, bioaugmentation, rhizostimulation, bioleaching, and bioimmobilization – are presented. The main methods for microbial treatment of pollution, the chemical structure and the origin of the major pollutants, as well as the mechanisms of degradation by microorganisms – on the basis of physiological, biochemical, and genetic approaches – are described. Examples of treatments are presented for urban wastewater (activated sludge, lagoons, and planted beds), solid wastes (aerobic treatment or composting, anaerobic treatment and methanization, discharges), gaseous effluents, pesticides, polychlorobiphenyls, and finally hydrocarbons and petroleum products in the marine environment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut Méditerranéen d’Océanologie (MIO), UM 110, CNRS 7294 IRD 235, Université de Toulon, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France

    Jean-Claude Bertrand

  2. Laboratoire de Chimie de l’Environnement, Aix-Marseille Université, FRE CNRS LCE 3416, Batiment Villemin, Europôle Environnement, 13545, Aix-en-Provence Cedex, France

    Pierre Doumenq

  3. Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR CNRS 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, B.P. 1155, 64013, Pau Cedex, France

    Rémy Guyoneaud

  4. Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres, Aix-Marseille Université, M2P2-UMR 6181, Europole de l’Arbois, BP 80, 13545, Aix en Provence Cedex, France

    Benoit Marrot & Philippe Moulin

  5. Laboratoire Microbiologie du Sol et de l’Environnement, INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France

    Fabrice Martin-Laurent

  6. Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), UMR-CNRS-IRD 7263, Aix-Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France

    Robert Matheron

  7. Œnologie INRA, 33405, Talence Cedex, France

    Guy Soulas

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  1. Jean-Claude Bertrand
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  3. Rémy Guyoneaud
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  7. Philippe Moulin
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  8. Guy Soulas
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Correspondence to Jean-Claude Bertrand .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Université de Toulon, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Méditerranéen d’Océanologie (MIO), UM 110, CNRS 7294 IRD 235, Cedex 9, Marseille, France

    Jean-Claude Bertrand

  2. Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UM 110, CNRS 5254, Pau Cedex, France

    Pierre Caumette

  3. Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Microbiennes (LBBM), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ, Paris 06, USR CNRS 3579, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France

    Philippe Lebaron

  4. Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), UMR-CNRS-IRD 7263, Aix-Marseille Université, Cedex 20, Marseille, France

    Robert Matheron

  5. Microbial Ecology Center, UMR CNRS 5557/USC INRA 1364, Villeubanne, France

    Philippe Normand

  6. Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), UMR CNRS 6023, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont Université, Aubère Cedex, France

    Télesphore Sime-Ngando

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Bertrand, JC. et al. (2015). Applied Microbial Ecology and Bioremediation. In: Bertrand, JC., Caumette, P., Lebaron, P., Matheron, R., Normand, P., Sime-Ngando, T. (eds) Environmental Microbiology: Fundamentals and Applications. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9118-2_16

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