Abstract
This paper utilizes Brownian motion (BM) processes with drift to model mobile radio channels under non-stationary conditions. It is assumed that the mobile station (MS) starts moving in a semi-random way, but subject to follow a given direction. This moving scenario is modelled by a BM process with drift (BMD). The starting point of the movement is a fixed point in the two-dimensional (2D) propagation area, while its destination is a random point along a predetermined drift. To model the propagation area, we propose a non-centred one-ring scattering model in which the local scatterers are uniformly distributed on a ring that is not necessarily centred on the MS. The semi-random movement of the MS results in local angles-of-arrival (AOAs) and local angles-of-motion (AOMs), which are stochastic processes instead of random variables. We present the first-order density of the AOA and AOM processes in closed form. Subsequently, the local power spectral density (PSD) and autocorrelation function (ACF) of the complex channel gain are provided. The analytical results are simulated, illustrated, and physically explained. It turns out that the targeted Brownian path model results in a statistically non-stationary channel model. The interdisciplinary idea of the paper opens a new perspective on the modelling of non-stationary channels under realistic propagation conditions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
- 2.
We have chosen the ring's center as the starting point of the movement to enable the verification of our numerical results (see Sect. 7) with the ones from the one-ring scattering model. However, the analytical results provided in the paper are not limited to such a special case.
- 3.
The frequency shift caused by the Doppler effect is given by \( f = f_{\hbox{max} } \cos (\alpha ) \), where \( f_{\hbox{max} } = f_{0} v/c_{0} \) is the maximum Doppler frequency, \( f_{0} \) denotes the carrier frequency, \( c_{0} \) stands for the speed of light, and \( \alpha \) equals the difference between the AOA and the AOM [24].
References
A. Abdi, M. Kaveh, A space-time correlation model for multielement antenna systems in mobile fading channels. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 20(3), 550–560 (2002)
M. Pätzold, B.O. Hogstad, A space-time channel simulator for MIMO channels based on the geometrical one-ring scattering model, in Proceedings of the 60th IEEE Semiannual Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC 2004-Fall, vol. 1 (Los Angeles, 2004), pp. 144–149
D.S. Shiu, G.J. Foschini, M.J. Gans, J.M. Kahn, Fading correlation and its effect on the capacity of multielement antenna systems. IEEE Trans. Commun. 48(3), 502–513 (2000)
A. Borhani, M. Pätzold, A unified disk scattering model and its angle-of-departure and time-of-arrival statistics. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 62(2), 473–485 (2013)
K.T. Wong, Y.I. Wu, M. Abdulla, Landmobile radiowave multipaths’ DOA-distribution: assessing geometric models by the open literature’s empirical datasets. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 58(2), 946–958 (2010)
A. Gehring, M. Steinbauer, I. Gaspard, M. Grigat, Empirical channel stationarity in urban environments, in Proceedings of the 4th European Personal Mobile Communications Conference, Vienna, 2001
A. Ispas, G. Ascheid, C. Schneider, R. Thom, Analysis of local quasi-stationarity regions in an urban macrocell scenario, in Proceedings of the 71th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC 2010-Spring. Taipei, 2010
D. Umansky, M. Pätzold, Stationarity test for wireless communication channels, in Proceedings of the IEEE Global Communications Conference, IEEE GLOBECOM 2009. Honolulu
A. Paier, J. Karedal, N. Czink, H. Hofstetter, C. Dumard, T. Zemen, F. Tufvesson, A.F. Molisch, C.F. Mecklenbräucker, Characterization of vehicle-to-vehicle radio channels from measurement at 5.2 GHz. Wirel. Pers. Commun. 50(1), 19–32 (2009)
A. Chelli, M. Pätzold, A non-stationary MIMO vehicle-to-vehicle channel model based on the geometrical T-junction model, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing, WCSP 2009. Nanjing, 2009
A. Ghazal, C. Wang, H. Hass, R. Mesleh, D. Yuan, X. Ge, A non-stationary MIMO channel model for high-speed train communication systems, in Proceedings of the 75th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC 2012-Spring. Yokohama, 2012
J. Karedal, F. Tufvesson, N. Czink, A. Paier, C. Dumard, T. Zemen, C.F. Mecklenbräuker, A.F. Molisch, A geometry-based stochastic MIMO model for vehicle-to-vehicle communications. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 8(7), 3646–3657 (2009)
G. Matz, On non-WSSUS wireless fading channels. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 4(5), 2465–2478 (2005)
A. Borhani, M. Pätzold, A non-stationary one-ring scattering model. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking, Conference (WCNC’13). Shanghai, 2013
P. Pearle, B. Collett, K. Bart, D. Bilderback, D. Newman, S. Samuels, What Brown saw and you can too. Am. J. Phys. 78(12), 1278–1289 (2010)
A. Borhani, M. Pätzold, Modelling of non-stationary mobile radio channels incorporating the Brownian mobility model with drift, in Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science, WCECS 2013. Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science, San Francisco, 23–25 Oct, pp. 695–700
B.H. Fleury, D. Dahlhaus, Investigations on the time variations of the wide-band radio channel for random receiver movements, in Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications (ISSSTA ‘94), vol. 2. Oulu, pp. 631–636
T. Camp, J. Boleng, V. Davies, A survey of mobility models for ad hoc network research. Wirel. Commun. Mobile Comput. 2(5), 483–502 (2002)
A. Einstein, Über die von der molekularkinetischen theorie der wärme geforderte bewegung von in ruhenden flüssigkeiten suspendierten teilchen. Ann. Phys. 17, 549–560 (1905)
P. Langevin, Sur la théorie du mouvement brownien. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 146, 530–533 (1908)
D.S. Lemons, A. Gythiel, On the theory of Brownian motion. Am. J. Phys. 65(11), 530–533 (1979)
R.C. Earnshaw, E.M. Riley, Brownian Motion: Theory, Modelling and Applications (Nova Science Pub Inc, New York, 2011)
M. Pätzold, Mobile Fading Channels, 2nd edn. (Wiley, Chichester, 2011)
W.C. Jakes (ed.), Microwave Mobile Communications (IEEE Press, Piscataway, 1994)
A. Papoulis, Probability, Random Variables, and Stochastic Processes, 3rd edn. (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1991)
F. Hlawatsch, F. Auger, Time-Frequency Analysis: Concepts and Methods (Wiley, London, 2008)
I.S. Gradshteyn, I.M. Ryzhik, Table of Integrals, Series, and Products, 7th edn. (Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, 2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this paper
Cite this paper
Borhani, A., Pätzold, M. (2014). A New Non-stationary Channel Model Based on Drifted Brownian Random Paths. In: Kim, H., Ao, SI., Amouzegar, M. (eds) Transactions on Engineering Technologies. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9115-1_33
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9115-1_33
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-017-9114-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-9115-1
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)