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Chemical Ecology and Biochemistry of Dytiscidae

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Ecology, Systematics, and the Natural History of Predaceous Diving Beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)

Abstract

The chapter deals with chemical mechanisms that help to control intra- and interspecific interactions with respect to predaceous diving beetles. Apart from chemical receptors and senses within Dytiscidae there are described intraspecific (pheromones) and especially interspecific interactions with respect to this water beetle family. The last group of behavioral modifying compounds includes kairomones and allomones. Allomone constituents from pygidial glands, prothoracic defensive glands, and pupal glands are completely compiled for a large group of predaceous diving beetles. With respect to the natural compounds, their chemistry, distribution within Hydradephaga, biological activities, and especially their significance for dytiscids are discussed. In addition, further secondary compounds from these beetles are presented, including epicuticular lipids or pigments that may be responsible for the coloration of the adult beetles and their larvae. Finally, the microorganisms and their secondary metabolites that are associated with predaceous diving beetles are presented. The described microorganisms range from culturable to non-culturable taxa.

Wenn man einen solchen Kefer [Cybister lateralimarginalis] fängt, so lässt er insgemein zwischen dem Hals-Schild eine blaulichte Materie hervor fliessen, welche einen widerwärtigen Geruch von sich giebt und vielleicht Ursache ist, dass diese Kefer alle Zeit einen eckelhaften Gestank haben. [If such a beetle Cybister lateralimarginalis is caught, between the pronotum a bluish fluid appears which is characterized by a disagreeable odor that is probably responsible for the nauseous stench of the whole beetle.],

Rösel von Rosenhof

I must tell you what happened … in my early entomological days. Under a piece of bark I found two carabi (I forget which) and caught one in each hand, when … I saw a sacred Panagæus crux major. I could not bear to give up either of my Carabi, and to lose Panagæus was out of the question, so that in despair I gently sized one of the carabi between my teeth, when to my unspeakable disgust and pain the little inconsiderate beast squirted his acid down my throat and I lost both Carabi and Panagus!,

Charles Darwin

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Acknowledgements

In order to prepare this manuscript the help of following collaborators and colleagues is highly acknowledged: Dipl.-Biol. J. Baumgarten (Bayreuth), Dr. W. Boidol (Schering AG, Berlin), Prof. Dr. W. Boland (Jena), I. Cichon (Bayreuth), B. Dettner (Bayreuth), A. Falk (Bayreuth), Prof. Dr. H. P. Fiedler (Tübingen), Prof. Dr. W. Francke (Hamburg), PD Dr. F. Hebauer (Deggendorf), E. Helldörfer (Bayreuth), B. Hopstätter (Aachen), Dr. H. Jungnickel (Bayreuth), Dr. S. Kehl (Bayreuth), A. Kirpal (Bayreuth), Dipl.-Chem. P. Krastel (Göttingen), Dr. S. Küchler (Bayreuth), Dr. U. Lacher (Bayreuth), Dipl.-Biol. M. Langer (Bayreuth), A. Liehr (Bayreuth), H. Müller B. Sc. (Bayreuth), Dr. J. G. Müller (Tübingen), Dr. J. Rheinheimer (BASF, Ludwigshafen), Dr. O. Schaaf (Bayreuth), Dr. A. Schierling (Bayreuth), Dr. R. M. Schmidt (BASF, Ludwigshafen), A. Schneider B. Sc. (Bayreuth), Prof. Dr. M. Scriba (Aachen), S. Wagner (Bayreuth), Dr. B. Weber (Heidelberg), Prof. Dr. A. Zeeck (Göttingen)

This paper is dedicated to the four honorable deceased water beetle specialists: Ecopioneer and Field Biologist Dr. Sepp Margraf (+26.01.2012, Xishuangbanna, China), Natural Product Chemist Prof. Dr. Hermann Schildknecht (+01.07.1996, Heidelberg, Germany), Taxonomist and Field Entomologist Dr. Michel Brancucci (+18.10.2012, Basel, Switzerland), and Field Entomologist Hans Schaeflein (+17.05.1994, Neutraubling, Germany).

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    Konrad Dettner

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    Donald A. Yee

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Dettner, K. (2014). Chemical Ecology and Biochemistry of Dytiscidae. In: Yee, D. (eds) Ecology, Systematics, and the Natural History of Predaceous Diving Beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9109-0_6

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