Skip to main content

Attention and the Holistic Approach to Behavior

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

The fate of “consciousness” as a scientific concept is one of the most ironic paradoxes in the history of psychology. Once the central issue, the very essence of what psychology was all about, it is nowadays a peripheral concern, an antiquated idea about as useful as ether and phlogiston are to physicists. According to Murphy and Kovach (1972, p. 51), consciousness “has been a storm center in psychology for a century. Some regard it as an unfortunate and superfluous assumption… Others regard consciousness as only one of many expressions of psychological reality; indeed many psychologists think that the recognition of a psychological realm far greater than the conscious realm is the great emancipating principle of all modem psychology.”

K. S. Pope & J. L. Singer (Eds.), The Stream of Consciousness (pp. 335–358). New York: Plenum © 1978 Plenum Publishing Corporation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Bakan, P. (Ed.). (1966). Attention. New York: Van Nostrand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, H. S. (1963). Outsiders. New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, P., & Luckmann, T. (1967). The social construction of reality. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berlyne, D. E. (1960). Conflict, arousal, and curiosity. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Binet, A. (1980). La concurrence des états psychologigues. Revue Philosophique de la France et de l’étranger, 24, 138--155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blauner, R. (1964). Alienation and freedom. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broadbent, D. E. (1958). Perception and communication. London: Pergamon.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Broadbent, D. E. (1954). The role of auditory localization in attention and memory span. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47, 191--196.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bronfenbremter, U. (1970). Two worlds of childhood. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, D. T. (1973). “Downward causation” in hierarchically organized biological systems. In T. Dobzhansky & F. J. Ayala (Eds.), The problem of reduction in biology. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castaneda, C. (1974). Tales of power. New York: Simon and Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chance, M. R. (1967). Attention structure as the basis of primate rank orders. Man, 2, 503--518.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Charms, R. (1968). Personal causation. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cherry, E. C. (1953). Some experiments on the recognition of speech, with one and with two ears. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 25, 975--979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clausen, J. A. (Ed.). (1968). Socialization and society. Boston: Little Brown.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collingwood, R. G. (1938). The principles of art. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Csikazentmihalyi, M. (1970). Sociological implications in the thought of Telihard de Chardin. Zygon, 5(2), 130--147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Csikszentmlhalyi, M. (1975). Beyond boredom and anxiety. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Csikszentahalyi, M., & Graef, R. (1975). Socialization into sleep: exploratory findings. Merrill-Palmer Q, 21(1), 3--18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Csikszentmihalyi, M., Larson, R., & Prescott, S. (1977). The ecology of adolescent activities and experiences. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 6(3), 281--294.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, J. (1934). Art as experience. New York: Putnam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, S. (1972). Some signals and rules for taking speaking turns in conversations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 23, 283--292.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Exner, S. (1894). Physiologische Erklarung der psychischen Erscheinigungen. Leipzig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, S. (1970). Body experience in fantasy and behavior. Century, Crofts, New York: Appleton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frankl, V. E. (1963). Man's search for meaning. New York: Washington Square Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freedman, B. J. (1974). The subjective experience of perceptual and cognitive disturbances in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 30, 333--340.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Freud, S. (1900). The interpretation of dreams (p. 1971). New York: Avon Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Getzels, J. W. & Csikszentoihahn, M. (1976). The creative vision. New York: Wiley Interscience.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goslin, D. A. (Ed.). (1969). Handbook of socialization theory and research. Chicago: Rand McNally.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grinker, R. (1975). Anhedonia and depression in schizophrenia. In T. Benedek & E. Anthony (Eds.), Depression. Boston: Little Brown.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helprin, F. (1978). Applied mathematics as a flow activity. Unpublished manuscript, The University of Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrow, M., Grinker, R., Holzman, D., & Kayton, L. (1977). Anhedonia and schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 794--797.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez-Peon, R. (1964). Attention, sleep, motivation, and behavior. In R. G. Heath (Ed.), The role of pleasure m behavior (pp. 195--217). New York: Harper and Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holcomb, J. H. (1977). Attention and intrinsic rewards in the control of psychophysiologic states. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 27, 54--61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaynes, J. (1976). The origins of consciousness. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, W. (1890). Principles of psychology. (Vol 1). New York: Henry Holt and Co.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kahneman, D. (1973). Attention and effort. E-C Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keele, S. W. (1973). Attention and human performance. Pacific Palisades, California: Goodyear Publishing Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klinger E (1971) The structure and function of fantasy. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klinger, E., Barta, S. G., & Mahoney, T. W. (1976). Motivation, mood, and mental events. In Serban, G. (Ed.), Psychopathology of human adaptation (p. 95–112). New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, T.S. (1970). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kummer, H., & Kurt, F. (1963). Social units of a free-living population of Hamadryas baboons. Folia Primatologica, 1, 4–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luria, A. R. (1973). The working brain. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayers, P. (1977). The relation between structural elements and the experience of enjoyment in high school classes. Unpublished manuscript, The University of Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGhie, A., & Chapman, J. (1961). Disorders of attention and perception in early schizophrenia. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 34, 103–116.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mosfofsky, D. I. (Ed.). (1970). Attention: Contemporary theory and analysis. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muller, G.E. (1873). Zur Theorie der Sinnlichen Aufmerksamkeit. Leipzig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Munsterberg, H. (1900). Grundzuge der Psychologie. Leipzig: Barth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, G., & Kovach, J. K. (1972). Historical introduction to modern psychology. New York: Harcourt Brace.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murton, R. K., Isaacson, A. J., & Westwood, N. J. (1966). The relationship between wood-pigeons and their clover food supply and the mechanism of population control. Journal of Applied Ecology, 3: 55–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norman, D.A. (1969). Memory and attention. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pillsbury, W. B. (1908). Attention. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polanyi, K. (1957). The great transformation. Boston: Beacon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribot, T. (1890). The psychology of attention. Chicago: The Open Court.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs 80 (whole No. 609).

    Google Scholar 

  • Scitovsky, T. (1976). The joyless economy. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherif, M. & Sherif, C. (1972). Reference groups. Chicago: Regnery.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shield, P.H., Harrow, M., & Tucker, G. (1974). Investigation of factors related to stimulus overinclusion. Psychiatric Quarterly, 48, 109–116.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, J. L. (1966). Daydreaming: An introduction to the experimental study of inner experiences. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singer, J.L. (1973). The child’s world of make-believe. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, K. (1972). Dream exploration among the Senoi. In Roszak, T. (Ed.), Sources. New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, E. P. (1963). The making of the English working class. New York: Vintage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Titchener, E. B. (1908). Lectures on the elementary psychology of feeling and attention. New York: Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, R. C. (Ed.). (1972). The Marx-Engels reader. New York: Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Washburn, M. F. (1908). Movement and mental imagery. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber, M. (1930). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. London: Allen and Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, R. W. (1959). Motivation reconsidered: the concept of competence. Psychological Review 66, 297–333.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkin, H. A., Dyk, R. B., Faterson, H. F., Goodenough, D. R., & Karp, S. A. (1962). Psychological differentiation. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yarrow, L. J., Rubenstein, J. L., & Pederson, F. A. (1975). Infant and environment. Washington, DC: Hemisphere.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The author wishes to thank Barbara Rubinstein and Ronald Graef for suggestions and criticism in the editing of the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Attention and the Holistic Approach to Behavior. In: Flow and the Foundations of Positive Psychology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9088-8_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics