Abstract
The National Trust is a UK-based non-government charity that aims to protect open spaces and historic places. The Trust’s properties are held in perpetuity for the enjoyment of the public and at present they include 1,187 km of coastlines (almost 10 % of the shoreline) in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The scale of the Trust’s coastal ownership presents serious management challenges associated with sea-level rise, in particular an increase in coastal erosion and flooding. Principles of sustainability and integrated coastal managed underpins the work of the Trust, which includes, wherever possible, to allow a natural roll-back of the shoreline and planning to move out of the risk areas. Our challenge is to effectively communicate the long-term benefits of this approach. This chapter describes the principles and approaches adopted by the Trust and provide an example of removal of coastal defences at Brownsea Island, southern England.
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Notes
- 1.
More about the National Trust is found at: http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/what-we-do/.
- 2.
Under the requirement set by the Flood and Water Management Act 2010, the Environment Agency has developed a strategy for flood and coastal erosion risk management in England. The strategy establishes Lead Local Flood Authorities (usually the role is taken by local authorities) and requires that they develop local flood risk management strategies taking an integrated and co-ordinated approach. Similarly, a National Strategy was developed for Wales. The national strategies for England and Wales can be accessed, respectively, from the following links:
http://www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/other/9780108510366/9780108510366.pdf
http://wales.gov.uk/docs/desh/publications/111114floodingstrategyen.pdf.
- 3.
The Planning Policy Statement 25 (Development and Coastal Change) published in 2010 requires Local Planning Authorities to identify Coastal Change Management Area, “where rates of shoreline change are significant over the next 100 years, taking account of climate change”. Shorelines where the SMP indicate the policies of hold-the-line or advance the line (maintain existing defences or build new defences) are excluded.
- 4.
The Channel Coastal Observatory is the data management centre for the Regional Coastal Monitoring Programmes, it compiles and provides a range of real-time and field data that can be accessed online from: www.channelcoast.org.
- 5.
Further information can be found at: http://www.climatebuffer.eu/downloads/ldv_visit_brownsea_island_shoreline-120926.pdf.
- 6.
An educational video was produced with support from the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) to help explaining the project during meetings. The video is available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifDGs_eAIZ8.
- 7.
SSSI conditions countrywide is assessed by Natural England and results are available online. For Poole Harbour check: http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/special/sssi/unit_details.cfm?situnt_id=1030590.
References
Environment Agency. (2010). Working with natural processes to manage flood and coastal erosion risk. http://cdn.environment-agency.gov.uk/geho0310bsfi-e-e.pdf. Accessed 10 Jan 2014.
National Trust. (2005). Shifting shores: Living with a changing coastline. http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/document-1355766981061/. Accessed 10 Jan 2014.
National Trust. (2007). Shifting shores in the South West: Living with a changing coastline. http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/document-1355766981103/. Accessed 10 Jan 2014.
National Trust. (2008). Shifting shores: Living with a changing coastline in Northern Ireland. http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/document-1355766980464/. Accessed 10 Jan 2014.
Masselink, G. & Russell, P. (2013). Impacts of climate change on coastal erosion. Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership: Science review 2013, 16 p. http://www.mccip.org.uk/ media/13234/2013arc_backingpapers_9_ce.pdf. Accessed 10 Jan 2014.
MCCIP (Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership). (2008). Marine Climate Change Impacts Annual Report Card 2007–2008. http://www.mccip.org.uk/media/3007/arc2007.pdf.
Royal Haskoning. (2010). Poole & Christchurch bays shoreline management plan. http://www.twobays.net/.
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Dyke, P., Flux, T. (2014). The National Trust Approach to Coastal Change and Adaptive Management. In: Managed Realignment : A Viable Long-Term Coastal Management Strategy?. SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9029-1_6
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