Abstract
Biological processes within the nitrogen cycle in Lake Kinneret are mediated by microbial populations and seasonally and spatially divided. Changes in stratification, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and O2 concentration in the epilimnion and hypolimnion of the lake (internal factors), in addition to external sources such as input of nitrate and organic N via the Jordan River and atmospheric deposition, all have an impact on microbial diversity and activity. Assimilation, nitrification, denitrification, ammonification, and N2 fixation are the main processes mediated by microbial populations in Lake Kinneret. Large temporal variations in the nitrogen isotopic composition (δ15N) of particulate organic matter (POM) and DIN species in Lake Kinneret occurred in response to the dominant nitrogen cycle processes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alldredge AL, Passow U, Logan BE (1993) The abundance and significance of a class of large, transparent organic particles in the ocean. Deep Sea Res 40:1131–1140
Altabet MA (2006) Isotopic tracers of the marine nitrogen cycle. In: Volkman J (ed) Marine organic matter: chemical and biological markers. The handbook of environmental chemistry. Springer, Berlin
Alster A, Kaplan-Levy R, Sukenik A, Zohary T (2010) Morphology and phylogeny of a non-toxic invasive Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii from a Mediterranean Lake. Hydrobiologia 639:115–128
An S, Gardner WS (2002) Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) as a nitrogen link, versus denitrification as a sink in a shallow estuary (Laguna Madre/Baffin Bay, Texas). Mar Ecol Prog Ser 237:41–50
Bergstein T, Henis Y, Cavari BZ (1981) Nitrogen fixation by the photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobium phaeobacteroides from Lake Kinneret. Appl Environ Microbiol 41:542–544
Berman T, Bronk D (2003) Dissolved organic nitrogen: a dynamic participant in aquatic ecosystems. Aquat Microb Ecol 31:279–305
Berman T, Chava S (1999) Algal growth on organic compounds as nitrogen sources. J Plankton Res 21:1423–1437
Berman T, Sherr BF, Sherr E, Wynne D, McCarthy JJ (1984) The characteristics of ammonium and nitrate uptake by phytoplankton in Lake Kinneret. Limnol Oceanogr 29:287–297
Bernasconi SM, Barbiri A, Simona M (1997) Carbon and nitrogen isotope variations in sedimenting organic matter in Lake Lugano. Limnol Oceanogr 42:1755–1765
Cavari BZ (1977) Nitrification potential and factors governing the rate of nitrification in Lake Kinneret. Oikos 28:285–290
Cavari BZ (1978) Bacteria of the nitrogen cycle. In: Serruya C (ed) Lake Kinneret monographiae, Junk, The Hague, pp 314–317
Cavari BZ, Phelps G (1977) Denitrification in Lake Kinneret in the presence of oxygen. Freshw Biol 7:385–391
Dalsgaard T, Canfield DE, Petersen J, Thamdrup B, Acuna-Gonzalez J (2003) N2 production by the anammox reaction in the anoxic water column of Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. Nature 422:606–608
Hadas O, Pinkas R, Albert-Diez C, Bloem J, Cappenberg T, Berman T (1990) The effect of detrital addition on the development of nanoflagellates and bacteria in Lake Kinneret. J Plankton Res 12:185–199
Hadas O, Pinkas R, Delphine E, Vardi A, Kaplan A, Sukenik A (1999) Limnological and ecophysiological aspects of Aphanizomenon ovalisporum bloom in Lake Kinneret, Israel. J Plankton Res 21:1439–1453
Hadas O, Pinkas R, Erez J (2001) High chemoautotrophic primary production in Lake Kinneret, Israel-a neglected link in the C cycle of the lake. Limnol Oceanogr 46:1968–1976
Hadas O, Pinkas R, Malinsky-Rushansky N, Shalev-Alon G, Delphine E, Berner , Sukenik A, Kaplan A (2002) Physiological variables determined under laboratory conditions may explain the bloom of Aphanizomenon ovalisporum in Lake Kinneret. Eur J Phycol 37:259–267
Hadas O, Altabet MA, Agnihotri R (2009) Seasonally varying nitrogen isotope biogeochemistry of particulate organic matter (POM) in Lake Kinneret, Israel. Limnol Oceanogr 54:75–85
Hadas O, Pinkas R, Malinsky-Rushansky N, Nishri A, Kaplan A, Rimmer A, Sukenik A (2012) Appearance and establishment of diazotrophic cyanobacteria in Lake Kinneret, Israel. Freshw Biol 57:1214–1227
Hochman A (1982) Studies of nitrate reductase in the fresh water dinoflagellate Peridinium cinctum. Arch Microbiol 133:62–65
Hochman A, Nissany A, Wynne D, Kaplan B, Berman T (1986) Nitrate reductase: an improved assay method for phytoplankton. J Plankton Res 8:385–392
Junier P, Kim O, Hadas O, Imhoff JF, Witzel K-P (2008) PCR primer selectivity and phylogenetic specificity evaluated using amplification of 16S rRNA genes from beta proteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in environmental samples. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:5231–5236
Kartal B, Kuypers MM, Lavik G, Shalk J, Op denCHJ, Jetten MS, Strous M (2007) Anammox bacteria disguised as denitrifiers: nitrate reduction to dinitrogen gas via nitrite and ammonium. Environ Microbiol 9:635–642
Kendall C, Silva SR, Kelly VJ (2001) Carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of particulate organic matter in four large river systems across the United States. Hydrol Process 15:1301–1346
Kuenen JG (2008) Anammox bacteria: from discovery to application. Nat Rev Microbiol 6:320–326
Kuypers MM, Sliekers AO, Lavik G et al (2003) Anaerobic ammonium oxidation by anammox bacteria in the Black Sea. Nature 422:608–611
McCarthy JJ, Wynne D, Berman T (1982) The uptake of nitrogenous nutrients by Lake Kinneret microplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 27:673–680
Penton CR, Devol AH, Tiedje JM (2006) Molecular evidence for the broad distribution of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in freshwater and marine sediments. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:6829–6832
Paerl HW (1997) Coastal eutrophication and harmful algal blooms: importance of atmospheric deposition and groundwater as ‘new’ nitrogen and other nutrient sources. Limnol Oceanogr 42:1154–1165
Pollingher U, Hadas O, Yacobi YZ, Zohary T, Berman T (1998) Aphanizomenon ovalisporum (Forti) in Lake Kinneret (Israel). J Plankton Res 20:1321–1339
Rosenstock B, Simon M (2001) Sources and sinks of dissolved free amino acids and protein in a large and deep mesotrophic lake. Limnol Oceanogr 46:644–654
Schubert CJ, Durisch-Kaiser E, Wehrli B, Thamdrup B, Lam P, Kuypers MM (2006) Anaerobic ammonium oxidation in a tropical freshwater system (Lake Tanganyika). Environ Microbiol 8:1857–1863
Seitzinger SP, Sanders R (1997) Contribution of dissolved organic nitrogen from rivers to estuarine eutrophication. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 159:1–12
Seitzinger SP, Sanders R (1999) Atmospheric inputs of dissolved organic nitrogen stimulate estuarine bacteria and phytoplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 44:721–730
Serruya C (1978) Water chemistry. In: Serruya C (ed) Lake Kinneret, Junk, The Hague, pp 185–204
Serruya C, Gophen M, Pollingher U (1980) Lake Kinneret: carbon flow patterns and ecosystem management. Arch Hydrobiol 88:265–302
Sherr BF, Sherr EB, Berman T (1983) Grazing, growth, and ammonium excretion rates of a heterotrophic microflagellate fed with four species of bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 45:1196–1201
Sherr BF, Sherr EB, Berman T, McCarthy JJ (1982) Differences in nitrate and ammonia uptake among components of a phytoplankton population. J Plankton Res 4:961–965
Sukenik A, Hadas O, Kaplan A, Quesada A (2012) Invasion of Nostocales (cyanobacteria) to subtropical and temperate freshwater lakes-physiological, regional, and global driving forces. Front Microbiol 3:86
Trimmer M, Nicholls JC, Deflandre B (2003) Anaerobic ammonium oxidation measured in sediments along the Thames Estuary, United Kingdom. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:6447–6454
Wynne D, Berman T (1990) The influence of environmental factors on nitrate reductase activity in freshwater phytoplankton. Hydrobiologia 194:235–245
Zohary T (2004) Changes to the phytoplankton assemblage of Lake Kinneret after decades of a predictable, repetitive pattern. Freshw Biol 49:1355–1371
Zohary T, Gude H, Pollingher U, Kaplan B, Pinkas R, Hadas O (2000) The role of nutrients in decomposition of a Thecate dinoflagellate. Limnol Oceanogr 45:123–130
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hadas, O. (2014). Microbial Processes Within the Nitrogen Cycle. In: Zohary, T., Sukenik, A., Berman, T., Nishri, A. (eds) Lake Kinneret. Aquatic Ecology Series, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8944-8_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8944-8_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-017-8943-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-8944-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)