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Are There Really “Epileptogenic” Mechanisms or Only Corruptions of “Normal” Plasticity?

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Issues in Clinical Epileptology: A View from the Bench

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 813))

Abstract

Plasticity in the nervous system, whether for establishing connections and networks during development, repairing networks after injury, or modifying connections based on experience, relies primarily on highly coordinated patterns of neural activity. Rhythmic, synchronized bursting of neuronal ensembles is a fundamental component of the activity-dependent plasticity responsible for the wiring and rewiring of neural circuits in the CNS. It is therefore not surprising that the architecture of the CNS supports the generation of highly synchronized bursts of neuronal activity in non-pathological conditions, even though the activity resembles the ictal and interictal events that are the hallmark symptoms of epilepsy. To prevent such natural epileptiform events from becoming pathological, multiple layers of homeostatic control operate on cellular and network levels. Many data on plastic changes that occur in different brain structures during the processes by which the epileptogenic aggregate is constituted have been accumulated but their role in counteracting or promoting such processes is still controversial. In this chapter we will review experimental and clinical evidence on the role of neural plasticity in the development of epilepsy. We will address questions such as: is epilepsy a progressive disorder? What do we know about mechanism(s) accounting for progression? Have we reliable biomarkers of epilepsy-related plastic processes? Do seizure-associated plastic changes protect against injury and aid in recovery? As a necessary premise we will consider the value of seizure-like activity in the context of normal neural development.

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Acknowledgments

The Authors would like to express their pleasure in contributing to this book published in honor of Phil Schwartzkroin, a good friend and great scientist. Since his earliest publications in the 1970s Phil’s work has been a point of reference for all people working in epileptology. Moreover, his expert and wise support of other people’s research as editor of Epilepsia will not be forgotten by the international epilepsy community. We look forward to benefiting for many years from his commitment to the development of our discipline.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fondazione I.RC.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy

    Giuliano Avanzini

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA

    Patrick A. Forcelli Ph.D. & Karen Gale Ph.D.

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  1. Giuliano Avanzini
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  2. Patrick A. Forcelli Ph.D.
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  3. Karen Gale Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Giuliano Avanzini .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Child & Adoles. Psych., Phys. & Neurosc., and Psych., New York Univ. Langone Med. Ctr., Orangeburg, New York, USA

    Helen E. Scharfman

  2. Dept. of Comp. Med. and Neurol. & Neurol. Scs., Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA

    Paul S. Buckmaster

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Avanzini, G., Forcelli, P.A., Gale, K. (2014). Are There Really “Epileptogenic” Mechanisms or Only Corruptions of “Normal” Plasticity?. In: Scharfman, H., Buckmaster, P. (eds) Issues in Clinical Epileptology: A View from the Bench. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 813. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8914-1_8

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