Skip to main content

The Meaning and Measurement of Well-Being as an Indicator of Success

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

This chapter discusses the conceptualization and measurement of well-being and success, and the relationships between the two. Many scholars in well-being research agree that well-being consists of satisfaction, positive and negative affect. There are less well established definitions in the area of success. Frequently, success is conceptualized in terms of career success, distinguishing between objective and subjective indicators. These indicators most often include salary, status, and career satisfaction. They are sometimes criticized for being inappropriate in current labor markets and as to their individual meaning. In this chapter, we provide a widening of the understanding of career success. This by incorporating the broader concept of work success in terms of success episodes referring to task performance, pro-social success, appreciation, and feedback.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abele, A. E. (2014). The influence of career success on subjective well-being. In A. C. Keller, R. Samuel, M. M. Bergman, & N. K. Semmer (Eds.), Psychological, educational, and sociological perspectives on success and well-being in career development (pp. 7–18). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abele, A. E., Spurk, D., & Volmer, J. (2011). The construct of career success: Measurement issues and an empirical example. Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, 43, 195–206. doi:10.1007/s12651-010-0034-6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arthaud-day, M. L., Rode, J. C., Mooney, C. H., & Near, J. P. (2005). The subjective well-being construct: A test of its convergent, discriminant, and factorial validity. Social Indicators Research, 74(3), 445–476. doi:10.1007/s11205-004-8209-6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arthur, M. B., & Rousseau, D. M. (1996). The boundaryless career: A new employment principle for a new organizational era. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arthur, M. B., Hall, D. T., & Lawrence, B. S. (1989). Handbook of career theory. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arthur, M. B., Khapova, S. N., & Wilderom, C. P. M. (2005). Career success in a boundaryless career world. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 177–202. doi:10.1002/job.290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Austin, J. T., & Vancouver, J. B. (1996). Goal constructs in psychology: Structure, process, and content. Psychological Bulletin, 20(3), 338–375. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.120.3.338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baillod, J., & Semmer, N. K. (1994). Fluktuation und Berufsverläufe bei Computerfachleuten [Turnover and career paths of computer specialists]. Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie, 38(4), 152–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22, 309–328. doi:10.1108/02683940710733115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baltes, P. B., & Baltes, M. M. (1990). Psychological perspectives on successful ageing: The model of selective optimization with compensation. In P. B. Baltes & M. M. Baltes (Eds.), Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences (pp. 1–34). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barling, J., Kelloway, E. K., & Frone, M. R. (2004). Handbook of work stress. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Basch, J., & Fisher, C. D. (2000). Affective events – Emotions matrix: A classification of work events and associated emotions. In N. M. Ashkanasy, C. E. J. Härtel, & W. J. Zerbe (Eds.), Emotions in the workplace: Research, theory, and practice (pp. 36–48). Westport: Quorum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berset, M., Semmer, N. K., Elfering, A., Amstad, F. T., & Jacobshagen, N. (2009). Work characteristics as predictors of physiological recovery on weekends. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 35(3), 188–192. doi:10.1002/smi.1337.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boehm, J. K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Does happiness promote career success? Journal of Career Assessment, 16(1), 101–116. doi:10.1177/1069072707308140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1979). La distinction critique socale du jugement [Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste]. Paris: Les éditions de minuit.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradburn, N. M. (1969). The structure of psychological well-being. Chicago: Aldine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Briscoe, J. P., & Hall, D. T. (2006). The interplay of boundaryless and protean careers: Combinations and implications. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69, 4–18. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2005.09.002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruggemann, A. (1976). Zur empirischen Untersuchung verschiedener Formen von Arbeitszufriedenheit. Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, 30(1), 71–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burger, J. M., & Caldwell, D. F. (2000). Personality, social activities, job-search behavior and interview success: Distinguishing between PANAS trait positive affect and NEO extraversion. Motivation and Emotion, 24, 51–62. doi:10.1023/A:1005539609679.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, N. (2007). Unemployment and psychological well-being. The Economic Record, 83(262), 287–302. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4932.2007.00415.x.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1990). Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view. Psychological Review, 97(1), 19–35. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2002). Control processes and self-organization as complementary principles underlying behavior. Personality & Social Psychology Review, 6(4), 304–315. doi:10.1207/S15327957PSPR0604_05 (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates).

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1988). Mood and the mundane: Relations between daily life events and self-reported mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 296–308. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.2.296.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Lange, A. H., Taris, T. W., Kompier, M. A. J., Houtman, I. L. D., & Bongers, P. M. (2003). “The very best of the millennium”: Longitudinal research and the demand-control-(support) model. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 8(4), 282–305. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.8.4.282.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deci, E. L., La Guardia, J. G., Moller, A. C., Scheiner, M. J., & Ryan, R. M. (2006). On the benefits of giving as well as receiving autonomy support: Mutuality in close friendships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(3), 313–327. doi:10.1177/0146167205282148.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499–512. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dette, D. E., Abele, A. E., & Renner, O. (2004). Zur Definition und Messung von Berufserfolg. Theoretische Überlegungen und metaanalytische Befunde zum Zusammenhang von externen und internen Laufbahnerfolgsmassen [Definition and measurement of vocational success: Theoretical considerations and meta-analytical results on the relationship between external and internal measures of career success]. Zeitschrift für Personalpsychologie, 3(4), 170–183. doi:10.1026/1617-6391.3.4.170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542–575. doi:10.1037//0003-066X.55.1.34.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being. The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34–43.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2002). Will money increase subjective well-being? Social Indicators Research, 57, 119–169. doi:10.1023/a:1014411319119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E., & Diener, C. (1996). Most people are happy. Psychological Science, 7(3), 181–185. doi:http://www.jstor.org/stable/40062938.

  • Diener, E., & Emmons, R. A. (1985). The independence of positive and negative affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(5), 1105–1117. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.47.5.1105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E., & Iran-Nejad, A. (1986). The relationship in experience between various types of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(5), 1031–1038.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E., Nickerson, C., Lucas, R. E., & Sandvik, E. (2002). Dispositional affect and job outcomes. Social Indicators Research, 59, 229–259. doi:10.1023/a:1019672513984.

    Google Scholar 

  • DiMaggio, P. (2008). Social stratification, life-style, social cognition, and social participation. In D. B. Grusky (Ed.), Social stratification class, race, and gender in sociological perspective (3rd ed.). Boulder: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dries, N., Pepermans, R., & Carlier, O. (2008). Career success: Constructing a multidimensional model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(2), 254–267. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2008.05.005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyke, L. S., & Murphy, S. A. (2006). How we define success: A qualitative study of what matters most to women and men. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 55(5), 357–372. doi:10.1007/s11199-006-9091-2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Easterlin, R. A. (1974). Does economic growth improve the human lot? Some empirical evidence. In P. A. David & M. W. Reder (Eds.), Nations and households in economic growth: Essays in honor of Moses Abramovitz. New York: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Easterlin, R. A., McVey, L. A., Switek, M., Sawangfa, O., & Smith-Zweig, J. (2010). The happiness-income paradox revisited. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(52), 22463–22468.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elfering, A., Semmer, N. K., & Kälin, W. (2000). Stability and change in job satisfaction at the transition from vocational training into real work. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 59(4), 256–271. doi:10.1024//1421-0185.59.4.256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117–140. doi:10.1177/001872675400700202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frey, B. S., & Stutzer, A. (2002). Happiness and economics: How the economy and institutions affect human well-being. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fried, Y., Grant, A. M., Levi, A. S., Hadani, M., & Slowik, L. H. (2007). Job design in temporal context: A career dynamics perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28, 911–927. doi:10.1002/job.486.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furnham, A. (1992). Personality at work: The role of individual difference in the workplace. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gabriel, A. S., Diefendorff, J. M., & Erickson, R. J. (2011). The relations of daily task accomplishment satisfaction with changes in affect: A multilevel study in nurses. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(5), 1095–1104. doi:10.1037/a0023937.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garst, H., Frese, M., & Molenaar, P. C. M. (2000). The temporal factor of change in stressor-strain relationships: A growth curve model on a longitudinal study in East Germany. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 417–438. doi:10.1037//0021-9010.85.3.417.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, C., & Pettinato, S. (2006). Frustrated achievers: Winners, losers and subjective well-being in new market economics. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 606, 128–153. doi:10.1080/00220380412331322431.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grebner, S., Elfering, A., & Semmer, N. K. (2010). The success resource model of job stress. In P. L. Perreweé & D. C. Ganster (Eds.), Research in occupational stress and well-being, Vol. 8: New developments in theoretical and conceptual approaches to job stress (pp. 61–108). Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenhaus, J. H., Parasuraman, S., & Wormley, W. M. (1990). Effects of race on organizational experiences, job performance evaluations, and career outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 33(1), 64–86. doi:10.2307/256352.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross, S., Meier, L. L., & Semmer, N. K. (2013). Latent growth modeling applied to diary data: The trajectory of vigor across a working week as an illustrative example. In A. B. Bakker & K. Daniels (Eds.), A day in the life of a happy worker (pp. 114–131). Hove: Psychology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grusky, D. B., & Ku, M. C. (2008). Gloom, doom, and inequality. Social Stratification, 2–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hacker, W. (2003). Action regulation theory: A practical tool for the design of modern work processes? European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 12(2), 105–130. doi:10.1080/13594320344000075.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1980). Work redesign. Reading: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, D. T. (2002). Careers in and out of organizations. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, D. T., & Chandler, D. E. (2005). Psychological success: When the career is a calling. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 155–176. doi:10.1002/job.301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, D. T., & Las Heras, M. (2010). Reintegrating job design and career theory: Creating not just good jobs but smart jobs. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(2–3), 448–462. doi:10.1002/job.613.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heilman, M. E., & Okimoto, T. G. (2007). Why are women penalized for success at male tasks?: The implied communality deficit. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 81–92. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.92.1.81.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heslin, P. A. (2005). Conceptualizing and evaluating career success. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(2), 113–136. doi:10.1002/job.270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobfoll, S. E., & Shirom, A. (2001). Stress and burnout in the workplace. In R. Golembiewski (Ed.), Handbook of organizational behavior (pp. 41–60). New York: Dekker.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobfoll, S. E., Johnson, R. J., Ennis, N., & Jackson, A. P. (2003). Resource loss, resource gain, and emotional outcomes among inner city women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 632–643. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.3.632.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hough, L. M., & Oswald, F. (2000). Personnel selection: Looking toward the future – Remembering the past. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 631–664. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.631.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, E. C. (1958). Men and their work. Glencoe: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphrey, S. E., Nahrgang, J. D., & Morgeson, F. P. (2007). Integrating motivational, social, and contextual work design features: A meta-analytic summary and theoretical extension. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(5), 1332–1356. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.92.5.1332.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Inglehart, R., Foa, R., Peterson, C., & Welzel, C. (2008). Development, freedom, and rising happiness. A global perspective (1981–2007). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(4), 264–285. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00078.x.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jahoda, M. (1981). Work, employment, and unemployment: Values, theories, and approaches to social research. American Psychologist, 36, 184–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Judge, T. A. (2009). Core self-evaluations and work success. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(1), 58–62. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01606.x.

    Google Scholar 

  • Judge, T. A., & Cable, D. M. (2004). The effect of physical height on workplace success and income: Preliminary test of a theoretical model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(3), 428–441. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.89.3.428.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Judge, T. A., & Hurst, C. (2008). How the rich (and happy) get richer (and happier): Relationship of core self-evaluations to trajectories in attaining work success. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(4), 849–863. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.93.4.849.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Judge, T. A., & Locke, E. A. (1993). Effect of dysfunctional thought processes on subjective well-being and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(3), 475–490.

    Google Scholar 

  • Judge, T. A., & Watanabe, S. (1993). Another look at the job satisfaction – Life satisfaction relationship. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 939–948.

    Google Scholar 

  • Judge, T. A., Cable, D. M., Boudreau, J. W., & Bretz, R. D. (1995). An empirical investigation of the predictors of career success. Personnel Psychology, 48, 485–519. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1995.tb01767.x.

    Google Scholar 

  • Judge, T. A., Erez, A., Bono, J. E., & Thoresen, C. J. (2002). Are measures of self-esteem, neuroticism, locus of control, and generalized self-efficacy indicators of a common core construct? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(3), 693–710. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.3.693.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E., Erez, A., & Locke, E. A. (2005). Core self-evaluations and job and life satisfaction: The role of self-concordance and goal attainment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(2), 257–268. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.90.2.257.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Judge, T. A., Hurst, C., & Simon, L. S. (2009). Does it pay to be smart, attractive, or confident (or all three)? Relationships among general mental ability, physical attractiveness, core self-evaluations, and income. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(3), 742–755. doi:10.1037/a0015497.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., Judge, T. A., & Piccolo, R. F. (2008). Self-esteem and extrinsic career success: Test of a dynamic model. Applied Psychology, 57(2), 204–224. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2007.00300.x.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karasek, R. A. (1979). Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: Implications for job redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(2), 285–308. doi:http://www.jstor.org/stable/2392498.

  • Keller, A. C., & Semmer, N. K. (2013). Changes in situational and dispositional factors as predictors of job satisfaction. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(1), 88–98. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2013.03.004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller, A. C., Meier, L. L., Gross, S., & Semmer, N. K. (in press). Gender differences in the association of a high quality job and self-esteem over time: A multiwave study. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. doi:10.1080/1359432X.2013.865118.

  • Keyes, C. L. M., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 1006–1022.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kluger, A. N., & DeNisi, A. (1996). The effects of feedback interventions on performance: A historical review, a meta-analysis, and a preliminary feedback intervention theory. Psychological Bulletin, 119(2), 254. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.119.2.254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koivumaa-Honkanen, H., Honkanen, R., Antikainen, R., Hintikka, J., Laukkanen, E., Honkalampi, K., et al. (2001). Self-reported life satisfaction and recovery from depression in a 1-year prospective study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 103, 38–44. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2001.00046.x.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kruglanski, A. W., Shah, J. Y., Fishbach, A., Friedman, R., Chun, W. Y., & Sleeth-Keppler, D. (2002). A theory of goal systems. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 34, pp. 331–378). San Diego: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunin, T. (1955). The construction of a new type of attitude measure. Personnel Psychology, 8, 65–77. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1955.tb01189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larsen, R. J., & Prizmic, Z. (2008). Regulation of emotional well-being. In M. Eid & R. J. Larsen (Eds.), The science of subjective well-being (pp. 258–289). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Latham, G. P., Locke, E. A., & Fassina, N. E. (2002). The high performance cycle: Standing the test of time. In S. Sonnentag (Ed.), Psychological management of individual performance (pp. 201–228). West Sussex: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • LePine, J. A., Podsakoff, N. P., & LePine, M. A. (2005). A meta-analytic test of the challenge stressor-hindrance stressor framework: An explanation for inconsistent relationships among stressors and performance. The Academy of Management Journal, 48(5), 764–775.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, K. (1936). The psychology of success and failure. Occupations, 14, 926–930. doi:10.1002/j.2164-5892.1936.tb00275.x.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liang, J., Krause, N. M., & Bennett, J. M. (2001). Social exchange and well-being: Is giving better than receiving? Psychology and Aging, 16(3), 511.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Littler, C. R., Wiesner, R., & Dunford, R. (2003). The dynamics of delayering: Changing management structures in three countries. Journal of Management Studies, 40(2), 225–256. doi:10.1111/1467-6486.00339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Locke, E. A. (1990). A theory of goal setting and task performance. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucas, R. E., Diener, E., & Suh, E. (1996). Discriminant validity of well-being measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 616–628.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 803–855. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marks, G. N., & Fleming, N. (1999). Influence and consequences of well-being among Australian young people: 1980–1995. Social Indicators Research, 46, 301–323. doi:10.1023/a:1006928507272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mastekaasa, A. (1994). Marital status, distress, and well-being: An international comparison. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 25(2), 183–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKee-Ryan, F., Song, Z., Wanberg, C. R., & Kinicki, A. J. (2005). Psychological and physical well-being during unemployment: A meta-analytic study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(1), 53–76. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.90.1.53.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meier, L. L., Semmer, N. K., Elfering, A., & Jacobshagen, N. (2008). The double meaning of control: Three-way interactions between internal resources, job control, and stressors at work. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 13(3), 244–258. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.13.3.244.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Michalos, A. C. (1985). Multiple discrepancies theory (MDT). Social Indicators Research, 16(4), 347–413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mirvis, P. H., & Hall, D. T. (1994). Psychological success and the boundaryless career. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, 365–380. doi:http://www.jstor.org/stable/2488432.

  • Morgeson, F. P., & Humphrey, S. E. (2006). The Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ): Developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), 1321–1339. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1321.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morgeson, F. P., Garza, A. S., & Campion, M. A. (2013). Work design. In N. W. Schmitt & S. Highhouse (Eds.), Handbook of psychology, Vol. 12: Industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 525–559). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mortimer, J. T., Harley, C., & Staff, J. (2002). The quality of work and youth mental health. Work and Occupations, 29(2), 166–197. doi:10.1177/0730888402029002003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Motowidlo, S. J., & Kell, H. J. (2013). Job performance. In N. W. Schmitt & S. Highhouse (Eds.), Handbook of psychology, Vol. 12: Industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 82–103). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mühlethaler, C., & Semmer, N. K. (2013a). Daily achievements at work predict affect in the evening and job satisfaction in the morning. Manuscript submitted for publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mühlethaler, C., & Semmer, N. K. (2013b). Task-related success and positive affect: A cross-lagged panel analysis. Manuscript in preparation, Department of Psychology, University of Bern.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mühlethaler, C., Pereira, D., Meier, L. L., Gross, S., & Semmer, N. K. (2013). Daily achievements, serenity, and sleep quality: A diary study. Manuscript submitted for publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nabi, G. R. (2001). The relationship between HRM, social support, and subjective career success among men and women. International Journal of Manpower, 22(5), 457–474. doi:10.1108/EUM0000000005850.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng, T. W. H., Eby, L. T., Sorensen, K. L., & Feldman, D. C. (2005). Predictors of objective and subjective career success: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 58, 367–408. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.00515.x.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholson, N. (2010). The design of work: An evolutionary perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 422–431. doi:10.1002/job.603.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul, K. I., & Moser, K. (2009). Unemployment impairs mental health: Meta-analyses. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74(3), 264–282. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2009.01.001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (1993). Review of the satisfaction with life scale. Psychological Assessment, 5, 164–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pelled, L. H., & Xin, K. R. (1999). Down and out: An investigation of the relationship between mood and employee withdrawal behavior. Journal of Management, 6, 875–895. doi:10.1016/S0149-2063(99)00027-6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, J. L., & Gardner, D. G. (2004). Self-esteem within the work and organizational context: A review of the organization-based self-esteem literature. Journal of Management, 30(5), 591–622. doi:10.1016/j.jm.2003.10.001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, J. L., Gardner, D. G., Cummings, L. L., & Dunham, R. B. (1989). Organization-based self-esteem: Construct definition, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 32, 622–648.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piferi, R. L., & Lawler, K. A. (2006). Social support and ambulatory blood pressure: An examination of both receiving and giving. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 62(2), 328–336. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2006.06.002.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2000). Influences of socioeconomic status, social network, and competence on subjective well-being in later life: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 15, 187–224. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.15.2.187.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pinquart, M., Juang, L. P., & Silbereisen, R. K. (2003). Self-efficacy and successful school-to-work transition: A longitudinal study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63(3), 329–346. doi:10.1016/S0001-8791(02)00031-3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Podsakoff, N. P., LePine, J. A., & LePine, M. A. (2007). Differential challenge stressor-hindrance stressor relationships with job attitudes, turnover intentions, turnover, and withdrawal behavior: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(2), 438–454. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.92.2.438.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, J. A. (1980). A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 1161–1178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, D., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141–166.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ryff, C. D. (1995). Psychological well-being in adult life. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4(4), 99–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (1998). The contours of positive human health. Psychological Inquiry, 9(1), 1–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salmela-Aro, K., & Nurmi, J.-E. (2007). Self-esteem during university studies predicts career characteristics 10 years later. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 70(3), 463–477. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2007.01.006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samuel, R., Bergman, M. M., & Hupka-Brunner, S. (2013). The interplay between educational achievement, occupational success, and well-being. Social Indicators Research, 111(1), 75–96. doi:10.1007/s11205-011-9984-5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schimmack, U. (2008). The structure of subjective well-being. In M. Eid & R. J. Larsen (Eds.), The science of subjective well-being (pp. 97–123). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz, N., & Bohner, G. (2001). The construction of attitudes. In A. Tesser & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Intrapersonal processes (Blackwell handbook of social psychology, pp. 436–457). Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seibert, S. E., & Kraimer, M. L. (2001). The five-factor model of personality and career success. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58, 1–21. doi:10.1006/jvbe.2000.1757.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seibert, S. E., Kraimer, M. L., & Liden, R. C. (2001). A social capital theory of career success. The Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), 219–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Semmer, N. K. (2000). Control at work: Issues of specificity, generality, and legitimacy. In W. J. Perrig & A. Grob (Eds.), Control of human behavior, mental processes, and consciousness (pp. 555–574). Mahwah: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Semmer, N. K., & Beehr, T. A. (2013). Control and the social aspects of work. To appear. In M. Peeters, J. DeJonge, & T. Taris (Eds.), An introduction to work psychology. Chichester: Wiley/Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Semmer, N. K., & Beehr, T. A. (2014). Job control and social aspects of work. In M. Peeters, J. de Jonge, & T. Taris (Eds.), An introduction to contemporary work psychology (pp. 171–195). Chichester: Wiley/Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Semmer, N. K., & Meier, L. L. (2009). Individual differences, work stress, and health. In J. Quick, M. J. Schabracq, & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Handbook of work and health psychology (pp. 99–121). Chichester: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Semmer, N. K., Tschan, F., Elfering, A., Kälin, W., & Grebner, S. (2005). Young adults entering the workforce in Switzerland: Working conditions and well-being. In H. Kriesi, P. Farago, M. Kohli, & M. Zarin-Nejadan (Eds.), Contemporary Switzerland (pp. 163–189). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon, K. M., & Elliot, A. J. (1999). Goal striving, need-satisfaction, and longitudinal well-being: The self-concordance model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(3), 482–497. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.76.3.482.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon, K. M., Kasser, T., Smith, K., & Share, T. (2002). Personal goals and psychological growth: Testing an intervention to enhance goal attainment and personality integration. Journal of Personality, 70(1), 5–31. doi:10.1111/1467-6494.00176.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siegrist, J. (2001). A theory of occupational stress. In J. Dunham (Ed.), Stress in the workplace: Past, present, and future (pp. 52–66). Philadelphia: Whurr.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegrist, J. (2002). Effort-reward imbalance at work and health. In P. L. Perrewe & D. C. Ganster (Eds.), Research in occupational stress and well-being (Historical and current perspectives on stress and health, Vol. 2, pp. 261–291). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, P. C., Kendall, L. M., & Hulin, C. L. (1969). The measurement of satisfaction in work and retirement. Chicago: Rand McNally.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonnentag, S. (2003). Psychological management of individual performance. West Sussex: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonnentag, S., & Frese, M. (2013). Stress in organizations. In N. W. Schmitt & S. Highhouse (Eds.), Handbook of psychology, Vol. 12: Industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 560–592). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonnentag, S., & Grant, A. M. (2012). Doing good at work feels good at home, but not right away: When and why perceived prosocial impact predicts positive affect. Personnel Psychology, 65, 495–530. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2012.01251.x.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spector, P. E. (1986). Perceived control by employees: A meta-analysis of studies concerning autonomy and participation at work. Human Relations, 39(11), 1005–1016. doi:10.1177/001872678603901104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spector, P. E. (2009). The role of job control in employee health and well-being. In C. L. Cooper, J. C. Quick, & M. J. Schabracq (Eds.), International handbook of work and health psychology (3rd ed., pp. 173–196). Chichester: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spector, P. E., & Jex, S. M. (1998). Development of four self-report measures of job stressors and strain: Interpersonal Conflict at Work Scale, Organizational Constraints Scale, Quantitative Workload Inventory, and Physical Symptoms Inventory. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 3(4), 356–367.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spurk, D., Abele, A. E., & Volmer, J. (2011). The career satisfaction scale: Longitudinal measurement invariance and latent growth analysis. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 84(2), 315–326. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.2011.02028.x.

    Google Scholar 

  • Staw, B. M., Sutton, R. I., & Pelled, L. H. (1994). Employee positive emotion and favorable outcomes at the workplace. Organization Science, 5, 51–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stocker, D., Jacobshagen, N., Annen, H., & Semmer, N. K. (2010). Appreciation at work in the Swiss Military Forces. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 69(2), 117–124. doi:10.1024/1421-0185/a000013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sturges, J. (1999). What it means to succeed: Personal conceptions of career success held by male and female managers at different ages. British Journal of Management, 10(3), 239–252. doi:10.1111/1467-8551.00130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, S. (1991). Asymmetrical effects of positive and negative events – The mobilization minimization hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 110(1), 67–85.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Terry, D. J., & Jimmieson, N. L. (1999). Work control and employee wellbeing: A decade review. In C. L. Cooper & I. T. Robertson (Eds.), International review of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 14, pp. 95–148). Chichester: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorndike, R. L. (1963). The prediction of vocational success. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 11, 179–187. doi:10.1002/j.2164-585X.1963.tb00007.x.

    Google Scholar 

  • Treiman, D. J. (1997). Occupational prestige in comparative perspective. New York: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Truniger, L. (1991). Arbeitslos?–ich nicht: Distanzierungen bei Arbeitslosen und deren subjektive Wahrnehmung der öffentlichen Meinung [Unemployed? Not me! Role-distancing and the perception of public opinion among unemployed]. Bern: Hans Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Katwyk, P. T., Fox, S., Spector, P. E., & Kelloway, E. K. (2000). Using the Job-related Affective Well-being Scale (JAWS) to investigate affective responses to work stressors. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 219–230.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verhofstadt, E., De Witte, H., & Omey, E. (2009). Demand, control and its relationship with job mobility among young workers. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 30(2), 266–293. doi:10.1177/0143831X09102434.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wanous, J. P., Reichers, A. E., & Hudy, M. J. (1997). Overall job satisfaction: How good are single-item measures? Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(2), 247–252.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Warr, P. (1990). The measurement of well-being and other aspects of mental health. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(3), 193–210. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00521.x.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warr, P. (1999). Well-being and the workplace. In D. Kahnemann, E. Diener, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology (pp. 393–412). New York: Russell Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warr, P. (2007). Work, happiness, and unhappiness. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waters, L. E., & Moore, K. A. (2002). Reducing latent deprivation during unemployment: The role of meaningful leisure activity. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 75(1), 15–32. doi:10.1348/096317902167621.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1994). The PANAS-X. Manual for the positive and negative affect schedule – Expanded form. Iowa: University of Iowa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, B., Frieze, I., Kukla, A., Reed, L., Rest, S., & Rosenbaum, M. (1971). Perceiving the causes of success and failure. New York: General Learning Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, H. M. (2002). Deconstructing job satisfaction: Separating evaluations, beliefs and affective experiences. Human Resource Management Review, 12, 173–194. doi:10.1016/S1053-4822(02)00045-1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, H. M., & Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affective events theory: A theoretical discussion of the structure, causes, and consequences of affective experiences at work. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 18, pp. 1–74). Greenwich: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, D. J., Dawis, R. V., England, G. W., & Lofquist, L. H. (1967). Manual for the Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire. Minneapolis: Industrial Relations Center, University of Minnesota.

    Google Scholar 

  • Widmer, P. S., Semmer, N. K., Kälin, W., Jacobshagen, N., & Meier, L. L. (2012). The ambivalence of challenge stressors: Time pressure associated with both negative and positive well-being. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(2), 422–433. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2011.09.006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiese, B., & Freund, A. (2005). Goal progress makes one happy, or does it? Longitudinal findings from the work domain. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78(2), 287–304. doi:10.1348/096317905x26714.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wills, T. A. (1981). Downward comparison principles in social psychology. Psychological Bulletin, 90, 245–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, E. S. R., & Benner, L. A. (1971). The effects of self-esteem and situation upon comparison choices during ability evaluation. Sociometry, 34, 381–397.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winkelmann, L., & Winkelmann, R. (1998). Why are the unemployed so unhappy? Evidence from panel data. Economica, 65(257), 1–15. doi:10.1111/1468-0335.00111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, T. A., & Cropanzano, R. (2000). Psychological well-being and job satisfaction as predictors of job performance. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 84–94.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zapf, D., Dormann, C., & Frese, M. (1996). Longitudinal studies in organizational stress research: A review of the literature with reference to methodological issues. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1(2), 145–169. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.1.2.145.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This book chapter was partially funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grants 100014_144057/1 and PBBSP1_141399).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anita C. Keller .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Keller, A.C., Semmer, N.K., Samuel, R., Bergman, M.M. (2014). The Meaning and Measurement of Well-Being as an Indicator of Success. In: Keller, A., Samuel, R., Bergman, M., Semmer, N. (eds) Psychological, Educational, and Sociological Perspectives on Success and Well-Being in Career Development. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8911-0_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics