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Dead Sea Transform Fault System: Reviews pp 53–89Cite as

The Seismogenic Thickness in the Dead Sea Area

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Part of the book series: Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences ((MASE,volume 6))

Abstract

Four independent distributions of seismicity in the Dead Sea area underline the occurrence of lower-crustal seismic activity down-to at least 27 km and possibly as deep as 33.6 km. From these distributions, the seismogenic thickness is estimated to be 28.4 ± 2.2 km. The existence of a seismogenic zone extending deep into the lower crust is consistent with an average heat flow of only 40–45 mWm−2 over most regions of Israel, and around 40 mWm−2 in the Dead Sea area in particular. The seismogenic thickness in the Dead Sea area is thus nearly twice the average seismogenic thickness of 15 km observed in southern California. The fact that some seismic activity occurs down-to the Moho in the Dead Sea area suggests that the state of fully plastic deformation is probably not reached in the crust under the seismogenic zone.

The ISC – GEM (Storchak et al. 2013) relocation of the MW 6.3 earthquake of 11 July 1927 from regional and teleseismic instrumental data resulted in a well-constrained epicenter located in the Jordan Valley, not far from the epicenter reported in the 1927 bulletin of the ISS. Since the causative fault of this earthquake is likely to be the Dead Sea transform, we propose a preferred epicenter at 31.92°N–35.56°E. The focal depth determined instrumentally by the ISC – GEM relocation is 15 ± 6 km, and we found an average macroseismic depth of 21.5 ± 2.5 km. Our results as a whole underline also the seismogenic importance of the transition between the upper and the lower crust in the Dead Sea area for moderate and probably also for large earthquakes.

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Acknowledgements

We greatly thank I. Koulakov and B. Braeuer for providing the details of their distributions of seismicity in the Dead Sea region. We thank R. Hofstetter, D. Zakosky and L. Feldman for providing the GII seismograms of the MW 5.3 earthquake of 2004. We thank T. Al-Yazjeen, W. Olimat and B. Al-biss for providing the JSO seismograms of the MW 5.3 earthquake of 2004. Many thanks to D. Storchak, I. Bondár and D. Di Giacomo from the ISC for providing the details of the ISC-GEM relocation for the MW 6.3 earthquake of 1927. Thanks also to O. Heidbach and an anonymous reviewer for their criticism, and advice to improve the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Seismological Consultant, 29, ch. du pré des fourneaux, 1293, Bellevue, GE, Switzerland

    Freddy Aldersons

  2. Department of Geophysical, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel

    Zvi Ben-Avraham

  3. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, 3190501, Israel

    Zvi Ben-Avraham

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  1. Freddy Aldersons
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Correspondence to Freddy Aldersons .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel

    Zvi Garfunkel

  2. Department of Geophysical, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Zvi Ben-Avraham

  3. Department of Geophysical, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Elisa Kagan

Appendix

Appendix

MW 6.3 Earthquake of 11 July 1927: Additional isoseismal maps (Figs. 3.15, 3.16, and 3.17)

Fig. 3.15
figure 15

Isoseismal map (MSK) of the earthquake of 11 July 1927 produced by kriging of Mode Intensities determined by Avni (1999), and published by Zohar and Marco (2012). ISS (1927): instrumental epicenter from ISS. SHA (1993): instrumental epicenter from Shapira et al. (1993). ISC-GEM: instrumental epicenter from ISC-GEM (Storchak et al. 2013). The area in red (MSK = IX) defines the macroseismic epicentral region (drawn by hand) according to this dataset. Israel Transverse Mercator (ITM) grid coordinates (km)

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Fig. 3.16
figure 16

Isoseismal map (MSK) of the earthquake of 11 July 1927 produced by kriging of Max Intensities determined by Avni (1999), and published by Zohar and Marco (2012). ISS (1927): instrumental epicenter from ISS. SHA (1993): instrumental epicenter from Shapira et al. (1993). ISC-GEM: instrumental epicenter from ISC-GEM (Storchak et al. 2013). The area in red (MSK = IX) defines the macroseismic epicentral region (drawn by hand) according to this dataset. Israel Transverse Mercator (ITM) grid coordinates (km)

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Fig. 3.17
figure 17

Isoseismal map (MSK) of the earthquake of 11 July 1927 produced by kriging of Modal Intensities determined by Avni (1999) and Corrected for site attributes (± 1 unit MSK) by Zohar and Marco (2012). ISS (1927): instrumental epicenter from ISS. SHA (1993): instrumental epicenter from Shapira et al. (1993). ISC-GEM: instrumental epicenter from ISC-GEM (Storchak et al. 2013). The area in red (MSK = VIII) defines the macroseismic epicentral region (drawn by hand) according to this dataset. The region in green defines the macroseismic epicentral region according to the regressions of Zohar and Marco (2012). Israel Transverse Mercator (ITM) grid coordinates (km)

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Aldersons, F., Ben-Avraham, Z. (2014). The Seismogenic Thickness in the Dead Sea Area. In: Garfunkel, Z., Ben-Avraham, Z., Kagan, E. (eds) Dead Sea Transform Fault System: Reviews. Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8872-4_3

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