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Abrupt Climate Changes and Emerging Ice-Ocean Processes in the Pacific Arctic Region and the Bering Sea

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The Pacific Arctic Region

Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to reveal several emerging physical ice-ocean processes associated with the unprecedented sea ice retreat in the Pacific Arctic Region (PAR). These processes are closely interconnected under the scenario of diminishing sea ice, resulting in many detectable changes from physical environment to ecosystems. Some of these changes are unprecedented and have drawn the attention of both scientific and societal communities. More importantly, some mechanisms responsible for the diminishing sea ice cannot be explained by the leading Arctic Oscillation (AO), which has been used to interpret most of the changes in the Arctic for the last several decades. The new challenging questions are: (1) What is the major forcing? (2) Is the AO, the DA, or their combination, contributing to the sea ice minima in recent years? How do we use models to investigate the recent changes in the PAR. Is the heat transport through the Bering Strait associated with the DA? What processes accelerate sea ice melting in the PAR?

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful for supports from NOAA Arctic Program of the NOAA Climate Program Office to J.O. and J.W., NSF grants ARC-0611967, ARC0901987 and ARC0908769 to J.Z., NSF grant ARC-0714078 to Y.Y., H.E., and J.W., and the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science to K.M. Thanks also go to Cathy Darnell of NOAA GLERL for editing this paper. We also sincerely thank Dr. Stephen Okkonen of UAF for his constructive comments on this paper. This is GLERL Contribution No. 1623, and PMEL Contribution No. 3837.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Jia Wang

  2. Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA

    Hajo Eicken

  3. Arctic Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Yanling Yu

  4. Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Jinlun Zhang

  5. Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research (CILER), School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Xuezhi Bai & Haoguo Hu

  6. Hainan Marine Development and Design Institute, Hainan, China

    Dao-Ru Wang

  7. Graduate School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

    Moto Ikeda

  8. Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

    Kohei Mizobata

  9. Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA

    James E. Overland

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  1. Jia Wang
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Correspondence to Jia Wang .

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  1. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland, USA

    Jacqueline M. Grebmeier

  2. Department of Oceanography, Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, USA

    Wieslaw Maslowski

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Wang, J. et al. (2014). Abrupt Climate Changes and Emerging Ice-Ocean Processes in the Pacific Arctic Region and the Bering Sea. In: Grebmeier, J., Maslowski, W. (eds) The Pacific Arctic Region. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8863-2_4

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