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The Pacific Arctic Region pp 269–336Cite as

Biodiversity and Biogeography of the Lower Trophic Taxa of the Pacific Arctic Region: Sensitivities to Climate Change

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Abstract

The lower trophic level taxa underpin the marine ecosystems of the Pacific Arctic Region (PAR). Recent field observations indicate that range shifts, and changes in the relative abundance of particular taxa have occurred within the last decade. Here we provide a region wide survey of the diversity and distribution of viruses, bacteria, archaea, auto- and heterotrophic protists, as well as metazoan zooplankton and benthic organisms in the PAR. Our aim is to provide a foundation for the assessment of the changes within the lower trophic level taxa of the PAR and to document such change when possible. Sensitivities to the effects of climate change are also discussed. Our vision is to enable data-based predictions regarding ecological succession in the PAR under current climate scenarios, and to deepen our understanding regarding what the future holds for higher trophic level organisms and the carbon cycle.

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Acknowledgements

Production of this chapter as well as new data acquisition and analysis reported here was supported by a variety of funding sources including: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the US National Science Foundation (incl. grants OPP 0806295 to D. Kirchman, OPP 073201 to B. and E. Sherr, OPP 0732767 to R Gradinger, B. Bluhm and Katrin Iken, and OPP-0802290 to J. Grebmeier and L. Cooper), the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Ocean Exploration and Research and Arctic Research Program, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (partially as a contribution to the Canadian Healthy Ocean Network and ArcticNet), the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation through the Census of Marine Life, the Canadian Museum of Nature, Natural Resources Canada, and Russian Foundation for Basic Research under Grant 13-04-00551. We thank Curt Suttle for providing recent papers and reviews of viruses in arctic and subarctic seas.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada

    R. John Nelson

  2. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA

    Carin J. Ashjian

  3. School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA

    Bodil A. Bluhm, Rolf R. Gradinger & Russell R. Hopcroft

  4. Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Kathleen E. Conlan & Michel Poulin

  5. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 146 Williams Street, Solomons, MD, 20688, USA

    Jacqueline M. Grebmeier

  6. Department of Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA

    Victoria J. Hill

  7. Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Brian P. V. Hunt

  8. Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea

    Hyoung M. Joo

  9. School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE, USA

    David L. Kirchman

  10. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation

    Ksenia N. Kosobokova

  11. Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea

    Sang H. Lee

  12. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, NS, Canada

    William K. W. Li

  13. Department of Biology, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada

    Connie Lovejoy

  14. College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA

    Evelyn Sherr

  15. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada

    Kelly V. Young

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  1. R. John Nelson
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Correspondence to R. John Nelson .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland, USA

    Jacqueline M. Grebmeier

  2. Department of Oceanography, Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, USA

    Wieslaw Maslowski

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Nelson, R.J. et al. (2014). Biodiversity and Biogeography of the Lower Trophic Taxa of the Pacific Arctic Region: Sensitivities to Climate Change. In: Grebmeier, J., Maslowski, W. (eds) The Pacific Arctic Region. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8863-2_10

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