Abstract
Caregiving is related to the ethnic and cultural context in which the caregiving takes place. One theme that emerged from a literature review is the preference among Hispanics, Asian Americans, and African Americans for family caregiving over formal services and institutional care. Often these ethnic groups were unaware of the existence of services or did not know how to access them. In addition, ethnic group members found service providers and services discriminatory, disrespectful, and culturally insensitive. Additional barriers to the use of services included language barriers, inconvenient hours, problems of accessibility, cost, and availability of staff. Caregivers in rural areas are often isolated and without training in performing caregiving tasks. Faith-based organizations, local or neighborhood centers, may be culturally appropriate ways to reach people with information as well as forming caregiver support groups. Church-based health promotion programs have been found to be effective.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Adams, B., Aranda, M. P., Kemp, B., & Takagi, K. (2002). Ethnic and gender differences in distress among Anglo American, African American, Japanese American and Mexican American spousal caregivers of persons with dementia. Journal of Clinical Geropsychology, 8(4), 279–301.
Ajrouch, K. J. (2005). Arab-American immigrant elders’ views about social support. Aging and Society, 25, 655–673.
Borrayo, E. A., Goldwaser, G., Vacha-Haase, T., & Hepburn, K. W. (2007). An inquiry into Latino caregivers’ experience caring for older adults with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 26(5), 486–505.
Bullock, K., Crawford, S. L., & Tennstedt, S. L. (2003). Employment and caregiving: Exploration of African American caregivers. Social Work, 48(2), 150–162.
Clark, A. N., Sander, A. M., Pappados, M. R., Evans, G. L., Truchen, M. A., & Choi-Tan, F. Y. (2010). Caregiver characteristics and their relationship to health service utilization in minority patients with first episode stroke. NeuroRehabilitation, 27, 95–104.
Clay, O. J., Roth, D. L., Wadley, V. G., & Haley, W. E. (2008). Changes in social support and their impact on psychosocial outcome over a five year period for African American and white dementia caregivers. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23, 857–862.
Coleman, M., Ganong, L. H., & Rothrauff, T. C. (2006). Racial and ethnic similarities and differences in beliefs about intergenerational assistance to older adults after divorce and remarriage. Family Relations, 55, 576–587.
Dilworth-Anderson, P., & Gibson, B. E. (1999). Ethnic minority perspectives on dementia, caregiving, and interventions. Generations, 23(Fall), 40–45.
Francis, L. E., Bowman, K. F., Kypriotakis, G., & Rose, J. H. (2011). Relationships and emotional well-being among African-American and white advanced cancer caregivers. Patient Education and Counseling, 85, 446–453.
Gerdner, L. A., Tripp-Reimer, T., & Simpson, H. C. (2007). Hard lives, God’s help, and struggling through: Caregiving in Arkansas Delta. Journal of Cross Cultural Gerontology, 22, 355–374.
Haley, W. E., West, C. A., Wadley, V. G., Ford, G. R., White, F. A., & Barrett, J. J., et al. (1995). Psychological, social, and health impact of caregiving: A comparison of black and white dementia caregivers and non-caregivers. Psychology and Aging, 10, 540–552.
Haley, W. E., Roth, D., Coleton, M., Ford, G. R., West, C. A., Collins, R. P., & Isobe, T. L. (1996). Appraisal, coping, and social support as mediators of well-being in black and white family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 121–129.
Haley, W. E., Gitlin, L. N., Wisniewski, S. R, Mahoney, D. F., Coon, D. W., Winter, L., Corcoran, M., Schinfeld, S., & Ory, M. (2004). Well-being, appraisal, and coping in African American and Caucasian dementia caregivers: Findings from the REACH study. Aging and Mental Health, 8(4), 316–329.
Herrera, A. P., Lee, J., Palos, G., & Torres-Vigil, I. (2008). Cultural influences in the patterns of long term care use among Mexican American family caregivers. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 27(2), 141–165.
Herrera, A. P., Lee, J. W., Nanyonjo, R. D., Laufman, L. E., & Torres-Vigil, I. (2009). Religious coping and caregiver well-being in Mexican-American families. Aging and Mental Health, 13(1), 84–91.
Hilgeman, M. M., Durkin, D. W., Sun, F., DeCoster, J., Allen, R. S., Gallagher-Thompson, D., & Burgio, L. D. (2009). Testing a theoretical model of the stress process in Alzheimer’s caregivers with race as a moderator. The Gerontologist, 49(2), 248–261.
Hinojosa, M. S., Zsembik, B., & Rittman, M. (2009). Patterns of informal care among Puerto Rican, African American, and white stroke survivors. Ethnicity and Health, 14(6), 591–606.
Hinton, L., Franz, C. E., Yeo, G., & Levkoff, S. (2005). Conceptions of dementia in a multiethnic sample of family caregivers. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 53, 1405–1410.
Horowitz, A. V., & Reinhard, S. C. (1995). Ethnic differences in caregiving duties and burdens among parents and siblings of persons with severe mental illnesses. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36(2), 138–150.
Jones-Cannon, S., & Davis, B. L. (2005). Coping among African American daughters caring for aging parents. The ABNF Journal, 16, 118–123.
Kimura, J., & Browne, C. V. (2009). Eldercare in a Filipino community: Older women’s attitudes toward caregiving and service use. Journal of Women and Aging, 21, 229–243.
Lai, D. W. L. (2010). Filial piety, caregiving appraisal and caregiving burden. Research on Aging, 32(2), 200–223.
Lee, Y., & Bronstein, L. R. (2010). When do Korean American dementia caregivers find meaning in caregiving?: The role of culture and differences between spouse and child caregivers. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 19, 73–86.
Levkoff, S., Levy, B., & Weitzman, P. F. (1999). The role of religion and ethnicity in the help seeking of family caregivers of elders with Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders. Journal of Cross Cultural Gerontology, 14, 335–356.
Marks, N. F., Lambert, J. D., Jun, H., & Song, J. (2008). Psychosocial moderators of the effects of transitioning into filial caregiving on mental and physical health. Research on Aging, 30(3), 358–389.
Min, J. W., & Barrio, C. (2009). Cultural values and caregiver preference for Mexican American and non-Latino white elders. Journal of Cross Cultural Gerontology, 24, 225–239.
Montoro-Rodriguez, J., & Gallagher-Thompson, D. (2009). The role of resources and appraisals in predicting burden among Latina and non-Hispanic white female caregivers: A cast of an expanded socio-cultural model of stress and coping. Aging and Mental Health, 13(5), 648–658.
Morano, C. L., & King, D. (2005). Religiosity as a mediator of caregiver well-being: Does ethnicity make a difference? Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 45, 69–84.
National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (1 April 2004). Caregiving in the U.S. AARP.
National Center for Health Statistics. (2012). Health United States: Trend tables. Hyattsville: National Center for Health Statistics.
Pearlin, L. I., Lieberman, M. A., Menaghan, E. G., & Mullan, J. T. (1981). The stress process. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22(4), 337–356.
Pinquart, M., & Sorensen, S. (2005). Ethnic differences in stressors, resources, and psychological outcomes of family caregiving: A meta-analysis. The Gerontologist, 45(1), 90–106.
Radina, M. E., & Barber, C. E. (2004). Utilization of formal support services among Hispanic Americans caring for aging parents. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 43(2/3), 5–23.
Radina, M. E., Gibbons, H. M., & Lim, J. Y. (2009). Explicit versus implicit family decision making strategies among Mexican American caregiving adult children. Marriage and Family Review, 45, 392–411.
St. Onge, M., & Lavole, F. (1997). The experience of caregiving among mothers of adults suffering from psychotic disorders: Factors associated with their psychological distress. American Journal of Community Psychology, 25, 73–94.
Stevens, A., Owen, J., Roth, D., Clay, O., Bartolucci, A., & Haley, W. (2004). Predictors of time to nursing home placement in white and African American individuals with dementia. Journal of Aging and Health, 16(3), 375–397.
Sun, F., Kosberg, J. I., Leeper, J., Kaufman, A. V., & Burgio, L. (2010). Racial differences in perceived burden of rural dementia caregivers: The mediating effect of religiosity. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 29(2), 290–307.
U.S. Census Bureau. (2012a). American fact finder. Washington: U.S. Census Bureau.
U.S. Census Bureau. (2012b). Statistical abstract of the United States 2012. Washington: U.S. Census Bureau. (National Center for Health Statistics (2012)).
Weng, S., & Nguyen, P. V. (2011). Factors affecting elder caregiving in multigenerational Asian American families. Families in Society, 92(3), 329–335.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bruhn, J., Rebach, H. (2014). Ethnic Variations in Caregiving. In: The Sociology of Caregiving. Clinical Sociology: Research and Practice. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8857-1_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8857-1_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-017-8856-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-8857-1
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawSocial Sciences (R0)