Abstract
The characteristic isolation of one-to-one singing lessons based on two elements confined to work together over time implies strong adaptation in order for the ultimate goal of teaching artistic individuality, maturity and independence to be achieved. In a functional relationship there is space for all attributes to be developed whereas in relationships without solid compatibility, the student’s development might be compromised.
This chapter presents the singing setting in a multidirectional perspective giving voice to both teachers and students. The teacher-student dyads were video recorded in their lessons during one academic year. The behaviours were analysed and complemented with the psychological questionnaires NEO PI-R (Costa and McCrae1992) and Adult Attachment Scale (Collins and Read 1990) to evaluate personality and attachment respectively. This approach was developed in order to: contextualize the singing teacher-student relationship; profile personality and adult attachment characteristics in singing teachers and students; report stable characteristics of the relationships; distinguish functional from dysfunctional singing teacher-student relationships; indicate the usefulness of using personality and adult attachment instruments for understanding the singing relationships.
This study contributes to the clarification of teacher-students’ relationship. The combination of observational studies with the data from psychological instruments provided a more accurate indication that singing teachers and students tend to behave according to their personal and psychological characterisation, which takes the understanding of singing lessons into a more objective setting. These findings are of relevance for heads of vocal departments, singing teachers and students by providing means of predicting, interpreting and supporting relational quality.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ainsworth, M., Blehar, M., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
Atkinson, L. (1997). Attachment and psychopathology: From laboratory to clinic. In L. Atkinson & K. J. Zucker (Eds.), Attachment and psychopathology (pp. 3–16). New York: Guildford Press.
Bäckström, M. (2001). Measuring adult attachment: A construct validation of two self–report instruments. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 42, 79–86.
Bartholomew, R. (1990). Avoidance of intimacy: An attachment perspective. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 7, 147–178.
Bayley, T. M. (2006). The relationship between adult attachment and physical health, with a specific focus on the adjustment to infertility. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Sheffield.
Bell, C. R., & Cresswell, A. (1984). Personality differences among musical instrumentalists. Psychology of Music, 12, 83–93.
Berman, W. H., Marcus, L., & Berman, E. R. (1994). Attachment in marital relations. In M. B. Sperling & W. H. Berman (Eds.), Attachment in adults: Clinical and developmental perspectives (pp. 204–231). New York: Guilford Press.
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss. New York: Basic Books.
Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base. New York: Basic Books.
Canavarro, M. C. (1999). Inventário de sintomas psicopatológicos – BSI. In M. R. Simões, M. Gonçalves, & L. S. Almeida (Eds.), Testes e Provas Psicológicas em Portugal (Vol. II). Braga: APPORT/SHO.
Carver, C. S. (1997). Adult attachment and personality: Converging evidence and a new measure. Bulletin of Personality and Social Psychology, 23, 865–883.
Chamorro-Premuzic, T., Swami, V., Furnham, A., & Maakip, I. (2009). The big five personality traits and uses of music: A replication in Malaysia using structural equation modeling. Journal of Individual Differences, 30, 20–27.
Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment relationships, working models and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 644–683.
Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. P. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (2000). NEO PI-R Manual Professional (NEO PI-R), Inventário de Personalidade NEO Revisto. Lisboa: CEGOG-TEA.
Daniel, R. (2006). Exploring music instrument teaching and learning environments: Video analysis as a means of elucidating process and learning outcomes. Music Education Research, 8, 191–215.
Davidson, J. W., Moore, D. G., Sloboda, J. A., & Howe, M. J. (1998). Characteristics of music teachers and the progress of young instrumentalists. Journal of Research in Music Education, 46, 141–160.
DeNovellis, R., & Lawrence, G. (1983). Correlations of teacher personality variables (Myers-Briggs) and classroom observation data. Research in Psychological Type, 6, 37–46.
Dews, B., & Williams, M. S. (1989). Student musicians’ personality styles, stresses, and coping patterns. Psychology of Music, 17, 37–47.
Dozier, M., & Tyrell, C. (1998). The role of attachment in therapeutic relationships. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rhodes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 221–248). New York: Guilford Press.
Dozier, M., Stovall, K. C., & Albus, K. E. (1999). Attachment and psychopathology in adulthood. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications (pp. 497–519). New York: Guildford Press.
Dryer, D. C., & Horowitz, L. M. (1997). When do opposites attract? Interpersonal complementarity versus similarity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 592–603.
Dwyer, D. (2000). Interpersonal relationships. London: Routledge.
Feeney, J. (1999). Adult romantic attachment and couple relationships. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications (pp. 355–377). New York: Guildford Press.
Feeney, J. A., Noller, P., & Callan, V. J. (1994). Attachment style, communication and satisfaction in the early years of marriage. In K. Bartholomew & D. Perlman (Eds.), Advances in personal relationships (Vol. 5, pp. 269–308). London: Jessica Kingsley.
George, C., Kaplan, N., & Main, M. (1984). Attachment interview for adults. Unpublished manuscript, University of California.
Goodstein, R. E. (1987). An investigation into leadership behaviours and descriptive characteristics of high school band directors in the United States. Journal of Research in Music Education, 35, 13–25.
Greenberg, M. T. (1999). Attachment and psychopathology in childhood. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications (pp. 469–496). New York: Guildford Press.
Hallam, S. (1998). Instrumental teaching: A practical guide to better teaching and learning. Oxford: Heinemann.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511–524.
Hepler, L. E. (1986). The measurement of teacher-student interaction in private music lessons and its relationship to the field dependence/field independence. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Case Western Reserve University.
Holtzworth-Munroe, A., Stuart, G. L., & Hutchinson, G. (1997). Violent versus nonviolent husbands: Differences in attachment patterns, dependency, and jealousy. Journal of Family Psychology, 11, 314–331.
Howard, V. A. (1982). Artistry: The work of artists. Indianápolis: Hackett.
Jäncke, L., & Sandmann, P. (2010). Music listening while you learn: No influence of background music on verbal learning. Behavioral and Brain Functions. doi:10.1186/1744-9081-6-3.
Kemp, A. E. (2004). The musical temperament: Psychology and personality of musicians. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kennell, R. (2002). Systematic research in studio instruction in music. In R. Colwell & C. Richardson (Eds.), The new handbook of research on music teaching and learning (pp. 243–256). New York: Oxford University Press.
Kirkpatrick, L. A. (1999). Attachment and religious representations and behavior. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications (pp. 803–822). New York: Guildford Press.
Kirkpatrick, L. A., & Davis, K. E. (1994). Attachment style, gender, and relationship stability: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 502–512.
Kurdek, L. A. (2002). On being insecure about the assessment of attachment styles. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 19, 811–834.
Kurdek, L. A., & Schmitt, J. P. (1986). Relationship quality of partners in heterosexual married, heterosexual cohabiting, and gay and lesbian relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 711–720.
Lions-Ruth, K., & Jacobvitz, D. (1999). Attachment disorganization: unresolved loss, relational violence, and lapses in behavioural and attachment strategies. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications (pp. 520–554). New York: Guildford Press.
Livingston, E. (1987). Making sense of ethnomethodology. London: Routledge.
Mallinckrodt, B., Cocle, H. M., & Gantt, D. L. (1995). Working alliance, attachment memories, and social competencies of woman in brief therapy. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 42, 79–84.
Mason, D. (2000). The teaching (and learning) of singing. In J. Potter (Ed.), The Cambridge companion to singing (pp. 204–220). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mohr, J. J. (1999). Same-sex romantic attachment. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications (pp. 378–394). New York: Guildford Press.
Moss, S., Garivaldis, F. J., & Toukhsati, S. R. (2006). The perceived similarity of other individuals: The contaminating effects of familiarity and neuroticism. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 401–412.
Pembrook, R., & Craig, C. (2002). Teaching as profession: Two variations on a theme. In R. Colwell & C. Richardson (Eds.), The new handbook of research on music teaching and learning (pp. 786–817). New York: Oxford University Press.
Persson, R. (1996). Brilliant performers as teachers: A case study of commonsense teaching in a conservatoire setting. International Journal of Music Education, 28, 25–36.
Pianta, R. C. (1997). Adult-child relationship processes and early schooling. Early Education and Development, 8, 11–26.
Presland, C. (2005). Conservatoire student and instrumental professor: The student perspective on a complex relationship. British Journal of Music Education, 22, 237–248.
Reid, A. (2001). Variations in the ways that instrumental and vocal students experience learning music. Music Education Research, 3, 25–40.
Roe, A. (1958). The psychology of occupations. New York: Wiley.
Schechtman, Z. (1989). The contribution of interpersonal behaviour to the prediction of initial teaching success: A research note. Teaching and Teachers Education, 5, 243–248.
Schmidt, C. P. (1989). Individual differences in perception of applied feedback. Psychology of Music, 17, 110–122.
Shaver, P. R., & Brennan, K. A. (1992). Attachment styles and the ‘big five’ personality traits: Their connections with each other and with romantic relationship outcomes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 536–545.
Shaver, P. R., & Fraley, R. C. (2004). Self-report measures of adult attachment. University of Illinois. Available online at. http://www.psych.uiuc.edu/~rcfraley/measures/measures.html. Accessed 22 Jan 2009.
Shaver, P. R., Hazan, C., & Bradshaw, D. (1988). Love as attachment: The integration of three behavioral systems. In J. Sternberg & M. L. Barnes (Eds.), The psychology of love (pp. 68–99). New Haven: Yale University Press.
Shiota, M., & Levenson, R. (2007). Birds of a feather don’t always fly farthest: Similarity in big five personality predicts more negative marital satisfaction trajectories in long-term marriages. Psychology and Aging, 22, 666–675.
Shiota, M. N., Keltner, D., & John, O. P. (2006). Positive emotion disposition differentially associated with big five personality and attachment style. Journal of Positive Psychology, 1, 61–71.
Simpson, J. A. (1990). Influence of attachment styles on romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 971–980.
Slade, A. (1999). Attachment theory and research: Implications for the theory and practice on individual psychotherapy with adults. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications (pp. 575–594). New York: Guildford Press.
Soares, I. (2007). Desenvolvimento da teoria e da investigação da vinculação. In I. Soares (Ed.), Relações de Vinculação ao Longo do Desenvolvimento: Teoria e Avaliação (pp. 13–46). Braga: Psiquilibrios.
Sperling, M., & Lyons, L. (1994). Representations of attachment and psychotherapeutic change. In M. B. Sperling & W. H. Berman (Eds.), Attachment in adults: Clinical and developmental perspectives (pp. 331–348). New York: Guildford Press.
Sroufe, L. A., Carlson, E., Levy, A., & Egelang, B. (1999). Implications of attachment theory for developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 11, 1–14.
Torgersen, A. M., Grova, B. K., & Sommerstad, R. (2007). A pilot study of attachment patterns in adult twins. Attachment and Human Development, 9, 127–138.
Vaughn, B. E., & Bost, K. K. (1999). Attachment and temperament: Redundant, independent, or interacting influences on interpersonal adaptation and personality development? In J. Cassidy & P. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment (pp. 198–225). New York: Guilford Press.
Weiss, R. S. (1991). The attachment bond in childhood and adulthood. In C. M. Parkes, J. Stevenson-Hinde, & P. Harris (Eds.), Attachment across the life cycle (pp. 66–67). London: Routledge.
West, M., & Sheldon-Keller, A. E. (1994). Psychotherapy strategies for insecure attachment in personality disorders. In M. B. Sperling & W. H. Berman (Eds.), Attachment in adults: Clinical and developmental perspectives (pp. 313–330). New York: Guildford Press.
Wink, R. L. (1970). The relationship of self-concept and selected personality variables to achievement in music student teaching. Journal of Research in Music Education, 18, 234–241.
Wubbenhorst, T. M. (1991). Music educators’ personality types as measured by the Myers-Briggs type indicator. Contributions to Music Education, 18, 7–19.
Young, M. (1990). Characteristics of high potential and at risk teachers. Action in Teacher Education, 11, 33–40.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Serra-Dawa, S. (2014). The Teacher-Student Relationship in One-to-One Singing Lessons: An Investigation of Personality and Adult Attachment. In: Harrison, S., O'Bryan, J. (eds) Teaching Singing in the 21st Century. Landscapes: the Arts, Aesthetics, and Education, vol 14. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8851-9_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8851-9_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-017-8850-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-8851-9
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawEducation (R0)