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Nanomaterials: Impact on Cells and Cell Organelles

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 811))

Abstract

Colloidal nanoparticles designed for the interactions with cells are very small, nanoscale objects usually consisting of inorganic cores and organic shells that are dispersed in a buffer or biological medium. By tuning the material properties of the nanoparticles a number of different biological applications of nanomaterials are enabled i.e. targeting, labelling, drug delivery, use as diagnostic tools or therapy. For all biological applications of nanoparticles, it is important to understand their interactions with the surrounding biological environment in order to predict their biological impact, in particular when designing the nanoparticles for diagnostic and therapeutic purpose. Due to the high surface-to-volume ratio, the surface of nanomaterials is very reactive. When exposed to biological fluids, the proteins and biomolecules present therein tend to associate with the nanoparticles’ surface. This phenomenon is defined as biomolecular corona formation. The biomolecular corona plays a key role in the interaction between nanoparticles and biological systems, impacting on how these particles interact with biological systems on a cellular and molecular level. This book chapter describes the nature of the interactions at the bio-nano interface, shows the design strategy of nanoparticles for nanomedicine, and defines the concepts of biomolecular corona and biological identity of nanoparticles. Moreover, it describes the interaction of functionalised nanomaterials with cell organelles and intracellular fate of nanoparticles and it shows therapeutic application of gold nanoparticles as dose enhancers in radiotherapy.

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Acknowledgements

Funding from Helmholtz Virtual Institute Nano Tracking project supported by the Helmholtz Initiative and Networking fund are gratefully acknowledged. Funding from QualityNano, the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement no 262163 and BisNano, the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement no 263878 is greatly acknowledged. Moreover, we also acknowledge Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland

    Željka Krpetić, Sergio Anguissola, David Garry, Philip M. Kelly & Kenneth A. Dawson

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  1. Željka Krpetić
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  2. Sergio Anguissola
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  3. David Garry
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  4. Philip M. Kelly
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  5. Kenneth A. Dawson
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Correspondence to Kenneth A. Dawson .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA

    David G. Capco

  2. Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Yongsheng Chen

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Krpetić, Ž., Anguissola, S., Garry, D., Kelly, P.M., Dawson, K.A. (2014). Nanomaterials: Impact on Cells and Cell Organelles. In: Capco, D., Chen, Y. (eds) Nanomaterial. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 811. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8739-0_8

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