Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

The Soils of Serbia pp 191–221Cite as

Environmental Issues

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 407 Accesses

Part of the book series: World Soils Book Series ((WSBS))

Abstract

A significant proportion of the land area of the Republic of Serbia occupied by the areas prone to erosion, landslides, surface exploitation of mineral resources, and dump sites can be classified as degraded. The basic natural processes of soil degradation are water and wind erosion; the loss of organic material, compaction due to an increase in volumetric weight and a decrease in soil porosity; salinization through the accumulation of soluble salts in soil; landslides, i.e., the moderately fast or fast movement of a mass of soil and rock down slopes, etc. However, various human activities connected to the exploitation of natural resources from the land result in its immediate loss as well as pollution, such as mineral extraction activities, industry, borrow pits for industrial requirements, and the exploitation of gravel and sand at the edge of rivers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adriano DC (1986) Trace elements in the terrestrial environment. Springer, NY

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • American Coal Ash Association (ACAA) (2001) In: Proceedings of the 14th international symposium on management and use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs). ACAA, Alexandria, VA

    Google Scholar 

  • Antić S, Jakovljević M, Kostić N, Tomić Z, Jovšić D (2005) Distribution and content of Ni and Cr in physical fractions of soils. In: Proceedings of XI congress of soil science society of Serbia and Montenegro, Budva, Serbia and Crna Gora, pp 63–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Banković S, Medarević M, Pantić D, Petrović N (2008) National forest inventory of the Republic of Serbia. Forest Belgrade 3:1–16 (in Serbian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Belanović S, Knežević M, Kadović R, Danilović M (2003) Distribution of some heavy metals in the soils of beech communities in Đerdap National Park. Bull Fac Forest Belgrade 88:17–25 (in Serbian)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belanović S, Beloica J, Perović V, Alnaass SN, Knežević M, Kadović R, Mihajlović B (2012) Current state of threats of soil resources in Rasina catchment upstream from ‘Ćelije’ water reservoir. In: International conference on land conservation—LANDCON 1209, 17–21 Sept 2012, Danube Region/Republic of Serbia, pp 27–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Bugarin R, Đukić N, Sedlar A (2010) Influence of pesticide application technique on soil pollution. Contemp Agric Eng 36(2):107–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Cao Z, Selic E, Herbell JD (2008) Utilization of fly ash from coal-fired power plants in China. J Zhejiang Univ Sci A 9(5):681–687

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Central European Development Forum, CEDEF (2014) CEDEF guide. Recommendations for the management of municipal and industrial waste in Belgrade and Serbia, Central European Development Forum, Belgrade, p 112 (in Serbian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper T, Pezold T, Keenleyside C, Đorđević-Milošević S, Hart K, Ivanov S, Redman M, Vidojević D (2010) Developing a national agri environment programme for Serbia. IUCN Programme Office for South-Eastern Europe, Gland, Switzerland and Belgrade, Serbia, p 88

    Google Scholar 

  • COST Action FP0703—ECHOES (2009) Expected climate change and options for European silviculture country report. Serbian National Report, Serbia

    Google Scholar 

  • Dajić Z (2006) Salt stress–salinity and tolerance mechanisms in plants. In: Madhava Rao KV, Raghavendra AS, Reddy KJ (eds) Physiology and molecular biology of stress tolerance in plants. Springer, Netherlands, pp 41–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Đalović I, Maksimović I, Kastori R, Jelić M (2010) Mechanisms of adaptation of small grains to soil acidity. Proc Nat Sci 118:107–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Dragović S, Ćujić M, Slavković-Beškoskim L, Gajić B, Bajat B, Kilibarda M, Onjia A (2013) Trace element distribution in surface soils from a coal burning power production area: a case study from the largest power plant site in Serbia. CATENA 104:288–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dragović R, Gajić B, Dragović S, Ðorđević M, Ðorđević M, Mihailović N, Onjia A (2014) Assessment of the impact of geographical factors on the spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils around the steel production facility in Smederevo (Serbia). J Clean Prod 84:550–562

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dželetović Ž, Filipović R (1995) Grain characteristics of crops grown on power plant ash and bottom slag deposit. Resour Conserv Recy 13:105–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Electric Power Industry of Serbia (EPS), Technical Report (2010) http://www.eps.rs/Eng/Tehnicki%20Izvestaji//TEH_Godisnjak2010_en_web.pdf

  • Environmental Protection Agency (2007) In: Karadžić B, Mijović A (eds) Environment in Serbia: an indicator—based review, 1st edn. Serbian Environmental Protection Agency, Belgrade, p 168

    Google Scholar 

  • Erosion Map of Serbia (1983) Institute for Forestry and the Wood Processing Industry. Belgrade, Serbia

    Google Scholar 

  • Esposito M, Polić P, Bartolomei P, Benzi V, Martinelli V, Cvetković O, Damjanov V, Simić M, Žunić Ž, Zivančević B, Simić S, Jovanović V (2002) Survey of natural and anthropogenic radioactivity in environmental samples from Yugoslavia. J Environ Radioact 61(3):271–282

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Francois LE, Maas EV (1994) Crop response and management of salt-affected soils. In: Pessarakli M (ed) Handbook of plant and crop stress, Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 169–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of the Republic of Serbia (2014) Natural disaster report on the floods which occurred in the Republic of Serbia and the measures taken to save the local population and protect those places at risk of flooding (‘Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia’, no. 52/14) (in Serbian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Haynes RJ (2009) Reclamation and revegetation of fly ash disposal sites—challenges and research needs. J Environ Manage 90:43–53

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jakovljević M, Kostić N, Stevanović D, Blagojević S, Wilson M, Lj Martinović (1997) Factors influencing the distribution of heavy metals in the alluvial soils of the Velika Morava river valley, Serbia. App Geochem 12:637–642

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jakovljević M, Kresović M, Blagojević S, Antic-Mladenovic S (2005) Some negative chemical properties of acid soils. J Serb Chem Soc 70(5):765–774

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kabata-Pendias A, Pendias H (2001) Trace elements in soils and plants, 3rd edn. CRC Press, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Kadović R (2013) The potential of Serbian forests for climate change mitigation and environmental protection. In: Andjelković M (ed) Energy and environment, Scientific meetings, Book CXLIII, Serbian Academy of Science and Arts (SANU), pp 493–514

    Google Scholar 

  • Kadović R, Belanović S (2009) Analysis of the acidification process of forest soils at ‘Kopaonik’ national park. Bull Fac Forest Belgrade 100:95–110 (in Serbian)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kadović R, Knežević M (2002) Heavy metals in the forest ecosystems of Serbia. Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade University, Serbian Ministry for the Protection of Natural Resources and the Environment, Belgrade, p 278 (in Serbian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kadović R, Knežević M (2004) Forest health monitoring in the Republic of Serbia, Annual report, ICP forests 2003, level 1. Serbian Ministry of Science and Environmental Protection—Department for Environmental Protection, Serbian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management—Forestry Department, Belgrade, 1–79 (in Serbian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kadović R, Košanin O, Belanović S, Knežević M (2005) Heavy metals in the organic soil layer of beech forests in Serbia. Bull Fac Forest Belgrade 92:55–67 (in Serbian)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kostić N (1999) Pedomineralogy and geochemistry of soils of Vojvodina. Mineralogija Godišnjak JAM II(2):16–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Kostić N (2001) Pedomineralogy and geochemistry of some important soils in Serbia. In: Proceedings of 10th congress of Yugoslav soil science society (JDPZ), Vrnjačka Banja, Serbia, pp 134–148

    Google Scholar 

  • Kostić O (2008) The influence of a monoculture of spruce and Douglas fir on pedogenesis and soil properties on Mt. Maljen. Master’s thesis, Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade University, p 137 (in Serbian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kostić N, Hadžić V, Protić JN (1998a) Manganese geochemistry of soils of Vojvodina, Šumadija and Northern Pomoravlje. In: Proceedings of 2nd Balkan symposium of field crops. Ecology and physiology, vol 2. Novi Sad, Yugoslavia, 16–20 June 1998, pp 9–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Kostić N, Wilson JM, Živković M, Bain D (1998b) Mineralogy and geochemical speciation of heavy metals in some serpentine soils of Serbia. In: Proceedings of the 16th world congress of soil science, vol 2. Montpellier France, pp 481–492

    Google Scholar 

  • Kostić N, Dangić A, Jakovljević M (2002) Geochemistry of iron in soils of Vojvodina, Sumadija and Northern Pomopravlje. Zbornik Matica Srpska No 102, Novi Sad, pp 145–157

    Google Scholar 

  • Kostić O, Mitrović M, Knežević M, Jarić S, Gajić G, Djurdjević L, Pavlović P (2012a) The potential of four woody species for the revegetation of fly ash deposits from ‘Nikola Tesla-A’ thermoelectric plant (Obrenovac, Serbia). Arch Biol Sci Belgrade 64(1):145–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kostić O, Mitrović M, Jarić S, Djurdjević L, Gajić G, Pavlović M, Pavlović P (2012b) The effects of forty years of spruce cultivation in a zone of beech forest on Mt. Maljen (Serbia). Arch Biol Sci Belgrade 64(3):1181–1195

    Google Scholar 

  • Kostić O, Mitrović M, Vitorović G, Jarić S, Pavlović D, Pavlović M, Gajić G, Pavlović P (2015) The impact of industrial plants on potential soil contamination in peripheral settlements in the Belgrade region. In: Proceedings from the ‘Sustainable soil use’ conference, Rimski Šančevi, 10th Sept 2015 [Electronic resource]. Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, pp 139–146 (in Serbian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kresović M, Jakovljević M, Blagojević S, Maksimović S (2009) Specific transformations of mineral forms of nitrogen in acid soils. J Serb Chem Soc 77(6):93–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maas EV (1990) Crop salt tolerance. In: Tanji KK (ed) Agricultural salinity assessment and management, American Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE Manuals & Reports on Engineering Practice, No 71, New York, pp 262–304

    Google Scholar 

  • Marković M, Cupać S, Ðurović R, Milinović R, Kljajić P (2010) Assessment of heavy metal and pesticide levels in soil and plant products from the agricultural area of Belgrade, Serbia. Arch Environ Con Tox 58:341–351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Medarević M, Banković S, Pantić D (2003) The condition of beech forests in Serbia. Special issue: Managing beech forests. Forest Belgrade 1–2:5–23 (in Serbian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitrović M, Pavlović P, Lakušić D, Stevanović B, Djurdjević L, Gajić G, Kostić O (2008) The potential of festuca rubra and calamagrostis epigejos for the revegetation of fly ash deposits. Sci Total Environ 407(1):338–347

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitrović M, Kostić O, Jarić S, Karadžić B, Djurdjević L, Gajić G, Lj Oberan, Pavlović D, Pavlović M, Pavlović P (2012) Photosynthetic efficiency of four woody species growing on fly ash deposits of a Serbian ‘Nikola Tesla A’ thermoelectric plant. Polish J Environ Stud 21(5):1339–1347

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitrović B, Ajtić J, Lazić M, Andrić V, Krtić N, Vranješ B, Vićentijević M (2016) Natural and anthropogenic radioactivity in the environment of Kopaonik mountain, Serbia. Environ Pollut 215:273–279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mrvić V (2010) Acid soils of western Serbia and their further acidification. Geophysical research abstracts 12, EGU2010-3313, EGU General Assembly 2010

    Google Scholar 

  • Mrvić V, Zdravković M, Sikirić B, Čakmak D, Kostić-Kravljanac Lj (2009) Harmful and hazardous elements in soil. In: Mrvić V, Antonović G, Martinović Lj (eds) The fertility and content of hazardous and harmful substances in the soils of central Serbia, Institute of Soil Science, Belgrade, Serbia, p 222 (in Serbian)

    Google Scholar 

  • National Program of Environmental Protection (2010) Act establishing a national program for environmental protection, ‘Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia’, no. 12/2010 (in Serbian)

    Google Scholar 

  • National Strategy of the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources (2012) ‘Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia’, no. 33/2012 (in Serbian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavlović P, Mitrović M (2013) Thermal power plants in Serbia—the impact of ash on soil and plants. In: Anđelković M (ed) Energy and the environment, Scientific meetings, Book 4, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SANU), Belgrade, pp 429–433 (in Serbian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavlović P, Mitrović M (2016) Soil contamination. In: Belanović-Simić S (ed) Degradation and protection of soil. University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, pp 107–137

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavlović P, Mitrović M, Djurdjević L (2004) An ecophysiological study of plants growing on the fly ash deposits from the ‘Nikola Tesla-A’ thermal power station in Serbia. Environ Manage 33:654–663

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pavlović P, Mitrović M, Djurdjević L, Gajić G, Kostić O, Bojović S (2007) Ecological potential of Spiraea van-houttei (Briot) Zabel for urban (the City of Belgrade) and fly ash deposit (Obrenovac) landscaping in Serbia. Polish J Environ Stud 16(3):427–431

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavlović P, Mitrović M, Đorđević D, Sakan S, Slobodnik J, Liška I, Csany B, Jarić S, Kostić O, Pavlović D, Marinković N, Tubić B, Paunović M (2016) Assessment of the contamination of riparian soil and vegetation by trace metals—the Danube River case study. Special issue: River conservation under multiple stressors: integration of ecological status, pollution and hydrological variability. Sci Tot Environ 540:396–409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perović V, Beloica J, Kadović R, Todosijević M, Čakmak D, Milčanović V, Belanović S (2012) The effect of acid deposition on soil solution reaction in the drainage basin of the Rasina river. Erosion Belgrade 38:45–61 (in Serbian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pessarakli M, Szabolcs I (1994) Soil salinity and sodicity as particular plant/crop stress factors. In: Pessarakli M (ed) Handbook of plant and crop stress, Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 1–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Popović D, Todorović D, Frontasyeva M, Ajtić J, Tasić M, Rajšić S (2008) Radionuclides and heavy metals in Borovac, southern Serbia. Environ Sci Pollut Res 15:509–520

    Google Scholar 

  • Popović AR, Djordjević DS, Relić DJ, Djinović-Stojanović JM (2013) Thermal power plants in Serbia as possible sources of contamination of surface and groundwater macro- and microelements. Energy and the environment, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Scientific meetings, Book CXVIII, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Book 4, Belgrade, pp 373–401 (in Serbian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Project Report (2001) ‘Solving the problems of ash emission and deposition at ‘Nikola Tesla’ thermal power plant (TENT) in Obrenovac’, Subproject 3: ‘Assessment of the current situation’, Activity 3.5: ‘Evaluation of soil quality in the vicinity of TENT’, Subproject 9: ‘Reducing the harmful effects of ash deposits’, Activity 9.4.: ‘Recultivation of fly ash deposit sites at the end of exploitation’, Ministry for the Protection of Natural Resources and the Environment of the Republic of Serbia, Project implementers: Institute for Physical Chemistry, Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade University. User: Electric Power Industry of Serbia (EPS) (in Serbian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Project Report (2002) ‘Solving the ecological problems resulting from operations at the ‘Nicola Tesla A and B’ thermal power plants’, Subproject: ‘Proposal for possible solutions to the biological recultivation of ash and slag deposits at TENT-A’, Ministry for the Protection of Natural Resources and the Environment of the Republic of Serbia, Project implementers: Institute for Physical Chemistry, Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Faculty of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade University. User: Electric Power Industry of Serbia (EPS) (in Serbian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Protić R, Rajković S, Janković S, Protić N (2004) Grain yield of stubble crops in the Republic of Serbia and some more important agricultural measures. Sci Res PKB INI Agroeconomic 10(1):79–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Quevauville P, Rauret G, Muntau H, Ure AM, Rubio R, López-Sánchez JF, Fiedler HD, Griepink B (1994) Evaluation of sequential extraction procedure for determination of extractable trace metal contents in sediments. Fresenius J Anal Chem 348:808–814

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rademacher P (2001) Atmospheric heavy metals and forest ecosystems. Federal Research Centre for Forestry and Forest Products (BFH), UN/ECE, Geneve

    Google Scholar 

  • Regulation on a programme for the systematic monitoring of soil quality, soil degradation risk assessment indicators, and methodology for the development of remediation programmes, Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, no. 88/2010 (in Serbian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Regulations on permitted levels of hazardous and harmful substances in soil and irrigation water and methods for their testing (‘Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia’, no. 23/94) (in Serbian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Relić D, Đorđević D, Sakan S, Anđelković I, Miletić S, Đurićić J (2011) Aqua regia extracted metals in sediments from the industrial area and surroundings of Pančevo, Serbia. J Hazard Mat 186:1893–1901

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ristić R, Kašanin-Grubin M, Radić B, Nikić Z, Vasiljević N (2012) Land degradation at the Stara Planina Ski resort. Environ Manage 49:580–592

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ružić D, Poznanović N (2009) Hazardous agricultural materials in the autonomous province of Vojvodina. Contemp Agric Eng 35(3):191–200 (in Serbian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakan S, Đorđević D, Dević G, Relić D, Anđelković I, Ðuričić J (2011) A study of trace element contamination in river sediments in Serbia using microwave-assisted aqua regia digestion and multivariate statistical analysis. Microchem J 99:492–502

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarap NB, Janković MM, Todorović DJ, Nikolić JD, Kovačević MS (2014) Environmental radioactivity in southern Serbia at locations where depleted uranium was used. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 65:189–197 (in Serbian)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sedlar A, Đukić N, Bugarin R (2007) Initial inspections of sprayers in Serbia. Contemp Agric Eng 1–2:12–19 (in Serbian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Spasov P, Spasov D, Petrović P (2002) Changes in drought occurrences in Serbia. In: Proceedings of international conference on drought mitigation and prevention of land desertification, Bled, Slovenia, 21–25 April 2002. CD-ROM, International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID), Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (2008) Statistical pocketbook of the Republic of Serbia. Belgrade

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (2012) Waste statistics and waste management in the Republic of Serbia 2008–2010. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade (in Serbian)

    Google Scholar 

  • The Privatization Agency—Republic of Serbia (2006) Environmental assessment of the damage resulting from the past operations of the Bor mine and smelting combine—final report. Environmental Resources Management, the trading name of ERM Italia S.r.l., p 518 (in Serbian)

    Google Scholar 

  • UNEP/UNCHS Balkans Task Force (BTF) (1999) Assessment of the damage to biodiversity in protected areas of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. http://www.grid.unep.ch/btf/missions/september/biodiversity.pdf

  • United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) (2002) Depleted uranium in Serbia and Montenegro. Post-conflict environmental assessment in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. http://postconflict.unep.ch/publications/duserbiamont.pdf

  • Vanmechelen L, Groenemans R, Van Ranst E (1997) Forest soil condition in Europe, results of a large-scale soil survey. EC, UN/ECE, ICP Forests

    Google Scholar 

  • Vidojević D, Manojlović M (2006) Overview of the soil information and policies in the Republic of Serbia. ESBN workshop, 28–30 Sept 2006, Joint Research Center EC, Zagreb, p 23

    Google Scholar 

  • Waste management strategy for 2010–2019 (2010) Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia no. 29/10 (in Serbian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Životić MM, Stojiljković DD, Jovović MA, Čudić VV (2012) Potential usage of fly ash and bottom ash from the deposit sites at the ‘Nikola Tesla’ power plant. Chemical Industry Belgrade 66(3):403–412 (in Serbian)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zlatić M, Dragović N, Todosijević M, Tomićević J (2008) Contribution of the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies—WOCAT programme to the Serbian practice and education, 15th ISCO congress ‘Soil and water conservation, climate change and environmental sensitivity’, Book of abstracts, 18–23 May 2008, Budapest

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

    Pavle Pavlović, Nikola Kostić, Branko Karadžić & Miroslava Mitrović

Authors
  1. Pavle Pavlović
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nikola Kostić
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Branko Karadžić
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Miroslava Mitrović
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pavle Pavlović .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pavlović, P., Kostić, N., Karadžić, B., Mitrović, M. (2017). Environmental Issues. In: The Soils of Serbia. World Soils Book Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8660-7_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation