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Introduction: Learning from Natural Hazards Experience to Adapt to Climate Change

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Adapting to Climate Change

Part of the book series: Environmental Hazards ((ENHA))

Abstract

This book explores lessons learned from the study and real-world experience of natural hazards to help communities plan for and adapt to climate change.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established in 1988 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and World Meteorological Organization (WMO). It is the leading international scientific body for assessing climate change (see http://www.ipcc.ch/organization/organization.shtml).

  2. 2.

    See http://www.emdat.be/Database/Trends/trends.html.

  3. 3.

    See http://www.napa-pana.org/.

  4. 4.

    See https://www.climateinvestmentfunds.org/cif/Pilot_Program_for_Climate_Resilience.

  5. 5.

    Examples of international forums that are striving to improve the connectivity between climate change adaptation and natural hazards risk management include the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (the Working Group on Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction of the former Interagency Task Force for Disaster Risk Reduction), the Hyogo Framework for Action, the World Conference on Disaster Reduction, and the Climate Centre of the Red Cross/Red Crescent. Examples of tools used to assess risk and monetize expected impacts include those created by national governments (e.g., HazardsUS or HAZUS), insurance corporations like Swiss Re and Munich Re, and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.

  6. 6.

    The destructive nature of natural hazards has been described as the social amplification of risk due to the impacts of societal choices (Kasperson et al. 1988). While the anthropogenic alteration of our climate and the resulting increase in natural hazards and disasters expands on the concept of social amplification, it also provides a means to attenuate risk through heretofore underutilized and expanded social and institutional networks.

  7. 7.

    The categorization of the natural hazards risk management and climate change adaptation communities are drawn from “Reducing hazard vulnerability: towards a common approach between disaster risk reduction and climate adaptation” (Thomalla et al. 2006, p. 40) and “Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation: Key Challenges-Scales, Knowledge, and Norms” (Birkmann and von Teichman 2010, pp. 174–177). We expanded on the initial categorizations to include additional layers of specificity such as the actors involved, methods and data used by these actors and how the categorization can be broadened to include other points of possible collaboration. These factors are further discussed in Chap. 2.

  8. 8.

    The ability to develop quantifiable losses avoided measures associated with climate change-induced events will require developing clearer expected return periods associated with these events as well as monetizing expected losses tied to slow-onset events and the benefits of differing adaptive measures.

  9. 9.

    In the international arena, issues such as disaster diplomacy (using disaster aid to advance political aims) (see Kelman 2006, 2007), conditionality (establishing prescriptive pre-conditions for the receipt of aid that may preclude local needs) (see Gibson et al. 2009) and the imposition of aid without focusing enough attention on building the capacity of those receiving it to effectively accept and utilize the assistance (see Harrell-Bond 1986) play important roles in the funding of disaster relief.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of People, Environment & Planning Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

    Bruce C. Glavovic

  2. UNC at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

    Gavin P. Smith

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  1. Resource & Environm Planning Program, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

    Bruce C. Glavovic

  2. Department of City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina at Chapel H, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

    Gavin P. Smith

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Glavovic, B., Smith, G. (2014). Introduction: Learning from Natural Hazards Experience to Adapt to Climate Change. In: Glavovic, B., Smith, G. (eds) Adapting to Climate Change. Environmental Hazards. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8631-7_1

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