Skip to main content

Infection in Burns

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Chinese Burn Surgery
  • 1065 Accesses

Abstract

Different kinds of infection, such as invasive infection, gut origin infection, and other infective complications such as pneumonia, suppurative thrombophlebitis, and catheter-related systemic infections can be derived from severe burn injuries. Invasive burn infection is sepsis or sepsis with blood stream infection in burns patients caused by the invasion of the bacteria at the burn surface into the deep layers of the eschar or even subjacent viable tissue, which is the unique route of infection in burns and is identified as burn infection.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Teplitz C, Davis D, Manson AD. Pseudomonas burn wound sepsis I pathogenesis of experimental pseudomonas burn wound sepsis. J Surg Res. 1964;4:200–16.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Moncrief JA. Experimental burn wound sepsis. In: Order SE, editor. The burn wound. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas; 1965. p. 21–31.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Sh XW, Zh XD, Zhang DZ, et al. Clinical significance of bacterial quantification of subeschar tissue. J Shanghai Second Med Univ. 1982;3:19–22.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Marnin JA, Heck EL, Loedl EC, et al. Usefulness of blood cultures in confirming septic complications in burn patients: evaluation of a new method. J Trauma. 1975;15:657–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. McManus AT, Kin SH, McManus WF, et al. Comparison of quantitative microbiology and – histopathology in divided burn wound biopsy specimens. Arch Surg. 1987;122:74–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Bone RC, Sir Newton I. Sepsis, SIRS, and CARS. Crit Care Med. 1996;24:1125–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Hsu WSh. Infection of the burn. New York: Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers. Yang ChCh, Hsu WSh, Shih TsS. Treatment of burns. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer; 1982. p. 106–139.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Wang Sh J, Sh XW, Cao QD, et al. An experimental study on the influence of inhibition of post-burn stress on inflammatory reaction in severely scalded rats. Chin J Burns. 2002;18:268–71.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Wang Sh J, Sh XW, Cao QD, et al. The influence of stress inhibition on the plasma levels of LPS, pro-inflammatory and Th1/Th2 cytokines in severely scalded rats. Chin J Burns. 2001;17:177–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Qiao L, Yang HZ, Yuan KJ, et al. Influence of stress inhibition on invasive infection in burn wound during early post-burn stage in severely burned rats. Chin J Burns. 2005;21:85–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Xu WS, Gu XM, Sun Z, et al. Survey on bacterial ecological changes of burn wound. Chin J Plast Burns Surg. 1990;6:161–3, 235.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Wang WK, Sh XW, Sun Z, et al. Survey on bacterial ecological changes of burn wound between 1970s–1990s. J Shanghai Second Med Univ. 1998;18:138–9.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Wang WK, Han LZ, Yang L, et al. Analysis of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in burn ward of Ruijin Hospital. Chin J Burns. 2007;23:97–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Wang WK, Han LZ, Yang L, et al. Analysis of the molecular epidemiology and distribution of pathogenic bacteria in burn wards of Ruijin Hospital from 2004 to 2006. Chin J Burns. 2009;25:94–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Li M, Zhang GA, Liu Y. Analysis of predominant bacteria of burn infection and their resistant to antibiotics between 2003–2005. Chin J Burns. 2007;23:91–3.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. 盛志勇,姚咏明.金黄色葡萄球菌外毒素与烧伤脓毒症及多器官损害.第七届全国烧伤外科学术会议论文汇编.武汉 2004:3–5

    Google Scholar 

  17. Wang F, Zhu DM, Shi W, et al. Surveillance of bacterial resistance in Shanghai. Chin J Infect Chemother. 2002;2:1–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Zhu DM, Wang F, Zhang YY, et al. Surveillance of bacterial resistance in hospitals of Shanghai during 2005. Chin J Infec Chemother. 2006;6:371–6.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Sokol PA, Iglewski BH, Hager TA. Production of exoenzyme S by clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infect Immun. 1981;34:147–53.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Nicas TI, Iglewski BH. Isolation and characterization of transposon-induced mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa deficient in production of exoenzyme S. Infect Immun. 1984;45:470–4.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Nicas TI, Brodley J, Lochner JE, et al. The role of exoenzyme S in infections with pseudomonas aeruginosa J. Infect Dis. 1985;152:716–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Wang F, Zhu DM, Wu S, et al. Changing pattern of bacterial resistance in Gram negative bacilli. Chin J Infect Chemother. 2003;3:65–70.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Sun JY, Ni YX. Distribution and drug-resistance characteristics of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from hospitalized patients. Chin J Infect Chemother. 2002;2:170–2.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Xu XM, Zhang MQ, Liao PH. Analysis of bacterial resistance to antibiotics in a burn ward. Chin J Burns. 2001;17(2):83–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Mett H, Rosta S, Schacher B, et al. Outer membrane permeability and β-Lactamase content in pseudomonas maltophilia clinical isolates and laboratory. Rev Infect Dis. 1988;10:765–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Sh XW, Dong HL, Sun Z, et al. Survey of gram negative entero-bacilli resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in burn centre. Chin J Antibiot. 1992;17:281–4.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Wang WK, Yuan KJ, Ni YX, et al. Micro-ecological investigation of burn wound infection. Chin J Burns. 2001;17(2):80–2.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Li A. The past, present and future of burn. Chin J Burns. 2001;17:5–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Sh XW, Deng Sh L, Han Ch M, et al. A multicenter clinical trial of piperacillin/tazobactam in burn infection. Chin J Burns. 2002;18:75–7.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Zaska DE, Sawchuk RJ, Greding DN, et al. Increased dosage requirements of gentamicin in burn patient. J Trauma. 1976;16:824–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Zaska DE, Sawchuk RJ, Strate RC. Necessity of increased doses of Amikacin in burn patients. Surgery. 1978;84:603–8.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Sh XW, Zh XD, Zhang DZ, et al. In vitro antibacterial actions of eight kinds of cephalosporin. Chin J Antibiot. 1986;11:493–6.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Williams JD. β-Lactams inhibition and in vitro activity of sulbactam and subactam-cefoperazone. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;24:494–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Sh XW, Sun Z, Chen XL, et al. An analysis of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents in a burn centre. Chin J Plast Surg. 1998;14(3):199–202.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Jackson JJ, Kropp H. Differences in mode of action of β-Lactamase antibiotics influence morphology, LPS release and in vivo antibiotic efficacy. J Endotoxin Res. 1996;3:210–8.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Xu NW, Yuan JC, Xiao GY, et al. An experimental study on the release of endotoxin from Gram negative bacteria induced by antibiotics. Chin J Burns. 2001;17:75–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Xiao GX, Wang DW. An extensive study on Pseudomonas infection in burned patients. Proceeding of the 8th National Congress on Surgery, Beijing. Shanghai Science & Tech. Press; Shanghai, China: 1963. p. 90.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Ma L, Xiao GX, Wang DW. Enterogenous microbial dissemination following severe burns in rats. Proceedings of the 1st Sino-American conference on Burn Injury, Chongqing; 1985. p. 44.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Ma L, Xiao GX, Wang DW, et al. Endogenous microbial dissemination following severe burns in rats. Burns. 1986;12(5):325–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Deith EA, Berg R. Translocation of the gut flora: a mechanism of nosocomial infection in burn patient. Proceedings of the 1st Sino-American conference on Burn Injury, Chongqing; 1985. p. 43.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Cheng Z, Xiao GX, Wang DW, et al. Translocation of bacteroides fragilis from gut following severe scald in rats. Proceedings of the 2nd Sino-American conference on Burn Injury & Trauma, Beijing; 1989. p. 72.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Guo L, Xiao GX, Zhang YP. Systemic Dissemination of Candida Albicans from gut after thermal injury and antibiotic therapy. Chin J Trauma. 1991;7:198–200.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Xiao GX. Call for attention of gut-origin infection in burns. Chin J Plast Burn Surg. 1996;12(2):81–2.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Peng YZ, Xiao GX, Ma L, et al. An assessment of early enteral feeding in the prevention of gut-origin infection in severe burns: laboratory and clinical studies. Chin Med J. 1995;1:3.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Yang JC, Xiao GX, Zhou LX, et al. A laboratory study of early expression and localization of tumor necrosis factor mRNA in visceral organs of rat after severe burn. Chin J Plast Burn Surg. 1996;12(3):163–6.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Peng YZ, Xiao GX, Ma L, et al. Gut-origin infection and intestinal lymphatic circulation following severe burns. Chin J Plast Burn Surg. 1996;12(2):83.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Samel S, Keese M, Kleczka M, et al. Microscopy of bacterial translocation during small bowel obstruction and ischemia in vivo: a new animal model. BMC Surg. 2002;2:6.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Grard AP, Goris R, Jan A. The gut: the motor of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome? Curr Opin Clin Metab. 1999;2(5):399–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Stoutenbeek CP, Saene HKF, Miranda DR, et al. The effect of selective decontamination of digestive tract on colonization and infection rate in trauma patients. Intensive Care Med. 1984;10:185.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht and People's Medical Publishing House

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Xiao, G., Xu, W. (2015). Infection in Burns. In: Yang, Z. (eds) Chinese Burn Surgery. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8575-4_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8575-4_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-017-8574-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-8575-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics