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Phylogeography of Seaweeds in the South East Pacific: Complex Evolutionary Processes Along a Latitudinal Gradient

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Seaweed Phylogeography

Abstract

The coast along the temperate South East Pacific (SEP) presents a simple linear topography with a north-south orientation spanning more than 4600 km. However, environmental heterogeneity associated with two major biogeographic boundaries has been described along the SEP (30–33°S and 42°S). Recent phylogeographic studies of seaweeds revealed the existence of different cryptic species along the SEP coast and that most of the genetic breaks between them are broadly congruent with the biogeographic boundaries. These phylogeographic patterns characterized by genetic discontinuities could be attributed to historical vicariance or to budding speciation. For SEP seaweeds, two major phylogeographic patterns are observed. Endemic species living north of 42°S show complex haplotype networks and an almost complete genetic isolation between populations located only a few kilometres from each other. This extreme genetic patchiness has been related to the combined effects of limited dispersal, reduced population size and high population turnover of these intertidal seaweeds due to stochastic effects of climatic and tectonic catastrophes. On the other hand, species with a range distribution limited to the south of 42°S and inhabiting the area highly affected by the coastal ice cap during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), show typical signatures of post-glacial demographic expansion. Finally, molecular studies reveal that several species are recent immigrants from New Zealand, demonstrating the importance of oceanic dispersal in shaping the diversity of the SEP.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by CONICYT FONDECYT/REGULAR No. 1130797 and Centro FONDAP IDEAL No. 15150003 to MLG and FONDECYT/INICIACION No. 11121504 to FT. Additional support came from CONICYT PCCI/Proyectos de Intercambio No. PCCI130047, The Nucleo Milenio “Centro de Conservación Marina”—RC130004, the French Research Agency ANR-ECOKELP (ANR 06 BDIV 012) and International Research Network ‘‘Diversity, Evolution and Biotechnology of Marine Algae’’ (GDRI No. 0803).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile

    Marie-Laure Guillemin

  2. CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris VI, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place G. Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France

    Marie-Laure Guillemin, Myriam Valero, Christophe Destombe & Sylvain Faugeron

  3. Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Casilla 297, Concepción, Chile

    Florence Tellier

  4. Laboratorio de Estudios Algales (ALGALAB), Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile

    Erasmo C. Macaya

  5. Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile

    Erasmo C. Macaya

  6. Centro de Conservación Marina and CeBiB, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Sylvain Faugeron

Authors
  1. Marie-Laure Guillemin
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  2. Myriam Valero
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  3. Florence Tellier
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  4. Erasmo C. Macaya
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  5. Christophe Destombe
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  6. Sylvain Faugeron
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marie-Laure Guillemin .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China

    Zi-Min Hu

  2. Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, Aust Capital Terr, Australia

    Ceridwen Fraser

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Guillemin, ML., Valero, M., Tellier, F., Macaya, E.C., Destombe, C., Faugeron, S. (2016). Phylogeography of Seaweeds in the South East Pacific: Complex Evolutionary Processes Along a Latitudinal Gradient. In: Hu, ZM., Fraser, C. (eds) Seaweed Phylogeography. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7534-2_10

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