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The Influence of Neighborhood Context on Exposure to and Use of Substances Among Urban African American Children

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Drug Use Trajectories Among Minority Youth

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Abstract

Substance use is a widespread problem among adolescents. According to the 2008 Monitoring the Future survey, almost half (45 %) of American youth have smoked cigarettes by the end of high school, 21 % of whom had tried them before the beginning of eighth grade; 72 % have consumed alcohol by the end of high school, with 39 % having done so by eighth grade; and half (47 %) of American children have tried an illicit drug by the time they leave high school (Johnston et al. 2009). However, most of the research on adolescent substance use has been conducted on primarily Caucasian samples (Lambert et al. 2004), leaving a paucity of research on substance use among ethnic minority adolescents (De La Rosa et al. 1993; Wallace et al. 1999). It is important to investigate substance use among ethnic minorities because racial and ethnic minority groups exhibit disproportionately adverse social outcomes associated with drug use, including poverty, violence, crime and arrest (REF). Prior research has shown that African American adolescents are less likely to smoke cigarettes (Felton et al. 1999; Kann et al. 1996) and consume alcohol (Blum et al. 2000) than their Caucasian peers. However, prevalence rates for drug use initiation by race/ethnicity indicate that while African Americans are less likely than Caucasians to initiate smoking tobacco and drinking by age 13, they are at greater risk of initiating cocaine and marijuana use at earlier ages (i.e., 17.2 %, 11.1 %, and 1.3 % for smoking, marijuana, and cocaine initiation before 13 years of age respectively (Kann et al. 1996).

Michele R. Cooley-Strickland, Lindsay Bynum, Katherine Otte, Robert S. Griffin, Tanya J. Quille, and Deborah Furr-Holden, Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University.

Michele R. Cooley-Strickland and Lingqi Tang are at the Department of Psychiatry, NPI-Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California – Los Angeles.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge those who have assisted with The MORE Project research. We thank our collaborators: Drs. Megan Bair-Merrit, Catherine Bradshaw, Nicholas Ialongo, Phillip Leaf, and Elizabeth Stuart, and Mr. Scott Hubbard. This endeavor is only successful with the ongoing support and cooperation of the Baltimore City Public School System and our six partner schools. The administrators and staff at these schools have provided access and guidance, allowing us to learn from them. We sincerely thank the Baltimore City students and their families who share their lives with us for the betterment of others. We thank the dedicated MORE Team (Alisa Failor, Amber Williams, Andrew Castro, Corina Morga, Dan Kim, Debbie Skillman, Katherine Otte, Maria Mangione, Max Yusem, MerryJessica Fuerst, Michael Nemeti, Stephanie Dobrowolski, Tyshanda Scott, and Winn Bolton). Support and funding for The MORE Project comes from a grant from the National Institute on Drug Abuse to M. Cooley (1 R01 DA018318).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA

    Michele Cooley-Strickland, Lindsay Bynum, Katherine Otte, Robert S. Griffin, Tanya J. Quille & Deborah Furr-Holden

  2. Center for Culture and Health, Department of Psychiatry, NPI-Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California – Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Box 62, Los Angeles, CA, 90024-1759, USA

    Michele Cooley-Strickland & Lingqi Tang

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  1. Michele Cooley-Strickland
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  2. Lindsay Bynum
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  3. Katherine Otte
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  4. Lingqi Tang
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  5. Robert S. Griffin
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  6. Tanya J. Quille
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  7. Deborah Furr-Holden
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Correspondence to Michele Cooley-Strickland .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. The New York Academy of Medicine and the American Association of Geographers, Glenn Dale, Maryland, USA

    Yonette F. Thomas

  2. Health Inequities and Global Health Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    LeShawndra N. Price

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Cooley-Strickland, M. et al. (2016). The Influence of Neighborhood Context on Exposure to and Use of Substances Among Urban African American Children. In: Thomas, Y., Price, L. (eds) Drug Use Trajectories Among Minority Youth. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7491-8_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7491-8_12

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