Abstract
Graywater has been defined as all wastewaters generated in the household, except toilet wastes (Ingham 1980). A more recent definition is: “all flows exiting an urban building” (Winward et al. 2008a, b). Thus graywater includes wastewater from bathroom sinks, baths, showers, laundry facilities, dishwaters and sometimes, kitchen sinks. Due to the various household uses of water, graywater gets its name from its less than pristine appearance, and has led to an informal definition of water based on its appearance (Information Box 1).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Casnova LM, Gerba CP, Karpiscak M (2001) Chemical and microbial characterization of household greywater. J Environ Sci Health A36(4):395–401
Eriksson E, Auffarth K, Henze M, Ledin A (2002) Characteristics of grey wastewater. Urban Water 4:85–104
Friedler E (2004) Quality of individual domestic greywater streams, and its implication for on-site treatment and reuse possibilities. Environ Sci Technol 25:997–1008
Hamilton AJ, Stagnitti F, Premier R, Boland A, Hale G (2006) Quantitative microbial risk assessment models for consumption of raw vegetables irrigated with reclaimed water. Appl Environ Microbiol 72(5):P3284–P3290
Ingham AT (1980) Residential greywater management in California. California State Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento
Loh M, Coghlan P (2003) Domestic water use study: in Perth Western Australia 1998–2001. Water Corporation, Perth
Manios T, Moraitaki G, Mantzavinos D (2006) Survival of total coliforms in lawn irrigated with secondary wastewater and chlorinated effluent in the Mediterranean region. Water Environ Res 78(3):330–335
NSW Government (2008) NSW guidelines for greywater reuse in sewered single household residential premises. Water for Life, NSW Government, Sydney, Australia
Rose JB, Sun G-S, Gerba C, Sinclair NA (1991) Microbial quality and persistence of enteric pathogens in greywater from various household sources. Water Res 25:37–42
Sidhu JPS, Hanna J, Toze SG (2008) Survival of enteric microorganisms on grass surfaces irrigated with treated effluent. J Water Health 06(2):255–262
Sydney Water Corporation (2004–2005) Water conservation and recycling implementation report 2004–2005. Sydney Water Corporation, Sydney
Winward GP, Avery LM, Stephenson T, Jefferson B (2008a) Chlorine disinfection of greywater for reuse: effect of organics and particles. Water Res 42:483–491
Winward GP, Avery LM, Frazer-Williams R, Pidou M, Jeffrey P, Stephenson T, Jefferson B (2008b) A study of the microbial quality of greywater and an evaluation of treatment technologies for reuse. Ecol Eng 32:187–197
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pepper, I. (2016). Graywater Reuse for Irrigation: Benefits and Potential Hazards. In: Brown, S., McIvor, K., Hodges Snyder, E. (eds) Sowing Seeds in the City. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7453-6_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7453-6_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-017-7451-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-7453-6
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)