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Stem Cells and Spinal Cord Regeneration

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Stem Cells: Basics and Clinical Translation

Part of the book series: Translational Medicine Research ((TRAMERE,volume 1))

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Abstract

Stem cells are characterized by self-renewal and pluripotency to become any cells in tissues/organs including the central nervous system (CNS), where they may differentiate to neurons and glial cells. The identification and characterization of stem cells have attracted great interest in their potential for treating of various diseases of different organs, as well as the CNS. The spinal cord, as a part of CNS, carries a tight bundle of neural cells and nerve pathways that connect the brain and the peripheral nervous system. Spinal cord injuries (SCI) usually begin with a sudden, mechanical trauma which results in devastating and irreversible consequences including stop of the nerve signaling and serious damage of axons and neural cell membranes beyond repair. The application of stem cells to CNS regeneration is very promising. Results from SCI models showed that transplantation of stem cells or progenitors may support spinal cord repair through the replacement of lost neural cells and the attenuation of gliosis around the rostral and dorsal terminals by the differentiated cells from the implanted stem cells. Axon regeneration-promoting and neuroprotective effects have also been credited to the transplanted stem cells. There are still issues related to stem cell transplantation that need to be resolved, including bioscaffold and ethical concerns. This chapter summarizes the latest research progress and application strategies of stem cells for SCI with the aim to push the medicine translation of stem cell application for spinal cord regeneration and implies the promising future of stem cells in SCI treatment.

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  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China

    Xinhua Zhang, Sheng Yi & Xiaosong Gu

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  1. Xinhua Zhang
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  2. Sheng Yi
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  1. Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineeri, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, China

    Robert Chunhua Zhao

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Zhang, X., Yi, S., Gu, X. (2015). Stem Cells and Spinal Cord Regeneration. In: Zhao, R. (eds) Stem Cells: Basics and Clinical Translation. Translational Medicine Research, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7273-0_20

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