Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Culture Methods of Eurasian Perch During Ongrowing

  • Chapter
Biology and Culture of Percid Fishes

Abstract

Three different production systems are used for perch ongrowing: (1) traditional extensive polyculture system, (2) semi-intensive culture farming and (3) intensive perch farming under RAS (Recirculating Aquaculture System(s)). Extensive and semi-intensive culture systems have many production limitations. Therefore, intensive perch farming has been developed in Europe for more continuous and predictive marketable perch production.

Marketable perch production under RAS is affected by several main factors of production system. Optimal value and condition of each factor for stable and maximal perch production under RAS are described and recommended in details in this chapter.

Overall, white, grey and black tank walls with light regime 12L:12D or 18 L:8D and light intensity 200–1,100 lx create optimal light conditions for intensive ongrowing perch culture. Freshwater or water with salinity under 4 ‰ with temperature 22–24 °C, oxygen saturation around 60–72 % and very low ammonia (below 0.3 mg N-NH3 · L−1) and nitrite (below 0.5 mg NO2 − · L−1) concentrations are optimal conditions for intensive perch production. Disturbance (cleaning of tanks, fish size-sorting etc.) must be reduced at minimum level for providing of maximal production which is the highest under optimal fish biomass from 10 to 20 kg · m−3 for 10 g perch to 60–70 kg · m−3 for 150 g perch under RAS.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Acerete L, Balasch JC, Espinnosa E, Josa A, Tort L (2004) Physical responses in Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis, L.) subjected to stress by transport and handling. Aquaculture 237:167–178

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adámek Z, Helešic J, Maršálek B, Rulík M (2010) Applied hydrobiology. Second edition FFPW USB, 350 p, in Czech only

    Google Scholar 

  • Adámek Z, Linhart O, Kratochvíl M, Flajšhans M, Randák T, Policar T, Masojídek J, Kozák P (2012) Aquaculture the Czech Republic in 2012: modern European prosperous sector based on thousand-year history of pond culture. Aquac Eur 37:5–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Bláha M, Šetlíková I, Musil J, Policar T (2013) No reason for keeping 0+ perch (Perca fluviatilis L.ú with prey fish. Aquac Int 2:883–896

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Craig JF (2000) Age, growth and mortality In: Craig JF (ed) Percids fishes systematics, ecology and exploitation. Fish and aquatic resources series, vol 3. Blackwell Sciences, Oxford, UK, pp 39–54

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (2013) Fisheries and aquaculture information and statistics service – 12/09/2013. http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/global-aquaculture-production/query/en

  • Fontaine P, Tamazouzt L, Capdeville B (1996) Growth of the Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) reared in floating cages and in water recirculated system: first results. J Appl Ichthyol 12:181–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fontaine P, Gardeur JN, Kestemont P, Georges A (1997) Influence of feeding level on growth, intraspecific weight variability and sexual growth dimorphism of Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis L. reared in a recirculation system. Aquaculture 157:1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grignard JC, Mélard C, Kestemont P (1996) A preliminary study of parasites and diseases of perch in an intensive culture system. J Appl Ichthyol 12:195–199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacquemond F (2004) Separated breeding of perch fingerlings (Perca fluviatilis L.) with and without initial inflated swim bladder: comparison of swim bladder development, skeleton conformation and growth performance. Aquaculture 239:261–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen FB (2003) Nitrite disrupts multiple physiological functions in aquatic animals. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 135:9–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jentoft S, Aastveit AH, Torjesen PA, Andersen Ø (2005) Effects of stress on growth, cortisol and glucose levels in non-domesticated Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) and domesticated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 141:353–358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jourdan S, Fontaine P, Boujard T, Vandeloise E, Gardeur JA, Anthouard M, Kestemont P (2000) Influence of daylength on growth, heterogeneity, gonad development, sexual steroid and thyroid levels, and N and P budgets in Perca fluviatilis. Aquaculture 186:253–265

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karas P, Thoresson G (1992) An application of a bioenergetics model to Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis L.). J Fish Biol 41:217–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kestemont P, Baras E (2001) Environmental factors and feed intake: mechanisms and interactions. In: Houlihan D, Boujard T, Jobling M (eds) Food intake in fish. MPG Books, Cornwall, pp 88–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Kestemont P, Mélard Ch (2000) Aquaculture. In: Craig JF (ed) Percids fishes systematics, ecology and exploitation. Fish and aquatic resources series, vol 3. Blackwell Sciences, Oxford, UK, pp 191–224

    Google Scholar 

  • Kestemont P, Cuvier A, Houbart M, Mélard Ch, Baras E, Fontaine P, Jourdan S, Gardeur JN, Anthouard M, Boujard T, Kentouri M, Paspatis M, Ducarme C (2000) An integrated study of interindividual competition and its relationships with feeding physiology and behaviour in culture predatory fish. FAIR CT96-1572, final report, Facultes Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Namur, Belgium, p 118

    Google Scholar 

  • Kestemont P, Jourdan S, Houbart M, Mélard C, Paspatis M, Fontaine P, Cuvier A, Kentouri M, Baras E (2003) Size heterogeneity, cannibalism and competition in cultured predatory fish larvae: biotic and abiotic influences. Aquaculture 227:333–356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kestemont P, Rougeot C, Musil J, Toner D (2008) Larval and juvenile production. In: Rougeot C, Torner D (eds) Farming of Eurasian Perch, special publication BIM no 24, Bord Iascaigh Mhara, Dublin, Ireland, pp 30–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Kratochvíl M (2012) Harvesting of marketable fish in members of Czech fish farmers association in 2011 and using of fish production in the Czech Republic during 1990–2011. Report of Czech Fish Farmers Association, 31 p, in Czech only

    Google Scholar 

  • Kroupová H, Stejskal V, Kouřil J, Máchová J, Piačková V, Zusková E (2013) A wide difference in susceptibility to nitrite between Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides Lac.). Aquac Int 21:961–967

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mairesse G, Thomas M, Gardeur JN, Brun-Bellut J (2005) Appearance and technological characteristics in wild and reared Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis (L.). Aquaculture 246:295–311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mandiki SNM, Blanchard G, Mélard C, Koskela J, Kuchaczyk D, Fontaine P, Kestemont P (2004) Effect of geographic origin on growth and food intake in Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) juveniles under intensive culture conditions. Aquaculture 229:117–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin B, Vandevorede D (2008) Lucas Perches: production of Eurasian perch in recirculating system. In: Fontaine P, Kestemont P, Teletchea F, Wang N (eds) Proceeding of Percid Fish Culture From Research to Production, Presses Universitaires de Namur, p 66

    Google Scholar 

  • Mélard Ch (2008) Growth and husbandry effects in percids. In: Fontaine P, Kestemont P, Teletchea F, Wang N (eds) Proceeding of Percid Fish Culture From Research to Production, Presses Universitaires de Namur, pp 53–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Mélard C, Baras E, Kestemont P (1995) Preliminary results of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) intensive rearing trials: effect of temperature and size grading on growth. Bull Fr Pȇch Pisc 336:19–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mélard C, Kestemont P, Grignard JC (1996a) Intensive culture of juvenile and adult Eurasian perch (P. fluuiatilis): effect of major biotic and abiotic factors on growth. J Appl Ichthyol 12:175–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mélard C, Baras E, Mary L, Kestemont P (1996b) Relationships between stocking density, growth, cannibalism and survival rate in intensively cultured larvae and juveniles of perch (Perca fluviatilis). Ann Zool Fenn 33:643–651

    Google Scholar 

  • Musil J, Adámek Z (2003) Predation pressure of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) towards topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) under the model pond condition. Bull VÚRH Vodňany 39:75–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Ȍberg O (2008) Perch farming, Swedish experience. In: Fontaine P, Kestemont P, Teletchea F, Wang N (eds) Proceeding of Percid Fish Culture From Research to Production, Press Universitaires de Namur, pp 71–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Ȍberg O (2012) ABBORÖS Slutrapport. KTH Architecture and the built environment, Trita-LWR report 3038: 89 p, in Swedish only

    Google Scholar 

  • Overton JL, Paulsen H (2005) Ongrowing of perch (Perca fluviatilis) juveniles: (Videreopdraet af aborreyngel). Danmarks Fiskeriundersøgelser, DFU-rapport, no 151-05, p 36

    Google Scholar 

  • Overton JL, Bayley M, Paulsen H, Wang T (2008) Salinity tolerance of cultured Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis L: effect on growth and on survival as a function of temperature. Aquaculture 277:282–286

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Policar T, Stejskal V, Bláha M, Alavi SMH, Kouřil J (2009) Technology of intensive Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) farming. Edition of practical handbooks, USB FFPW 89: 51 p, in Czech only

    Google Scholar 

  • Policar T, Bláha M, Křišťan J, Stejskal V (2011). High quality and stable production of advanced juveniles in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) under ponds. Edition of practical handbook, USB FFWP 110: 33 p, in Czech only

    Google Scholar 

  • Policar T, Stejskal V, Křišťan J, Podhorec P, Švinger V, Bláha M (2013) The effect of fish size and density on the weaning success in pond-cultured pikeperch (Sander lucioperca L.) juveniles. Aquac Int 21:869–882

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rougeot C, Mélard Ch (2008) Genetic improvement of growth. In: Rougeot C, Torner D (eds) Farming of Eurasian perch, special publication BIM no 24, Bord Iascaigh Mhara, Dublin, Ireland, pp 42–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt G, Wedekind H (2008) Dry feed adaptation and rearing of one-year old Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) fed with dry feed with varying oil supplementation. In: Fontaine P, Kestemont P, Teletchea F, Wang N (eds) Proceeding of percid fish culture from research to production, Presses Universitaires de Namur, pp 130–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Staffan F (2004) Food competition and its relation to aquaculture in juveniles Perca fluviatilis. PhD thesis, Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae, Silvestria 329: 24 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Stejskal V, Kouřil J, Musil J, Hamackova J, Policar T (2009a) The growth pattern of all-female perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) juveniles – is monosex perch stock beneficial? J Appl Ichthyol 25:432–437

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stejskal V, Kouřil J, Valentová O, Hamáčková J, Policar T (2009b) Size-related oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) cultured in a recirculating system. Aquac Res 41:135–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stejskal V, Policar T, Bláha M, Křišťan J (2010) Marketable Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) production with the combination of pond and RAS. Edition of practical handbooks, USB FFPW 105: 34 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Stejskal V, Matoušek J, Drozd B, Bláha M, Policar T, Kouřil J (2012) The effect of long-term hyperoxia and hypoxia on growth in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). In: Abstract book from AQUA 2012 conference, USB of Abstracts, Prague, p 1058

    Google Scholar 

  • Strand Å, Alanärä A, Staffan F, Magnhagen C (2007a) Effects of tank colour and light intensity on feed intake, growth rate and energy expenditure of juvenile Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis L. Aquaculture 272:312–318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strand Å, Magnhagen C, Alanärä A (2007b) Effects of repeated disturbances on feed intake, growth rates and energy expenditures of juvenile perch, Perca fluviatilis. Aquaculture 265:163–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Svobodová Z, Máchová J, Poleszczuk G, Huda J, Hamáčková J, Kroupová H (2005) Nitrite poisoning of fish in aquaculture facilities with water-recirculating systems. Acta Vet Brno 74:129–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tamazouzt L (2008) The French restocking market for percids. In: Fontaine P, Kestemont P, Teletchea F, Wang N (eds) Proceeding of percid fish culture from research to production, Presses Universitaires de Namur, pp 17–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamazouzt L, Dubois JP, Fontaine P (1993) Enquȇte sur la production et les marches européens de la perche. La Pisculture Française 114:4–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamazouzt L, Dubois JP, Fontaine P, Capdeville B, Terver D (1996) Zootechnical performance and body composition of Perca fluviatilis pelleted diet in a floating cage: effect of daily ration. Ann Zool Fenn 33:635–641

    Google Scholar 

  • Toner D (2012) Culture of European perch Perca fluviatilis in Ireland. Recent advances and developments towards a sustainable production model. In: Abstract book from AQUA 2012 conference, USB of abstracts, Prague, p 1100

    Google Scholar 

  • Vandecan M, Gbamou P, Mélard Ch (2008) Ammonia toxicity in percids. In: Fontaine P, Kestemont P, Teletchea F, Wang N (eds) Proceeding of percid fish culture from research to production, Presses Universitaires de Namur, pp 138–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Wedemeyer GA (1996) Physiology of fish in intensive culture systems. Chapman and Hall, New York, 232 p

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wernicke von Siebenthal E (2013) How to protect a new RAS from disease introduction on an existing site with several health issues. In: Abstract book from Aquaculture Europe 2013, USB of abstracts, Trondheim, pp 459–460

    Google Scholar 

  • Zakes Z, Demska-Zakes K (2005) Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion by Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) reared under optimal thermal conditions. Archiwum Rybactwa Polskiego 13:251–258

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This chapter was prepared thanks to following projects: the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic – CENAKVA (CZ.1.05/2.1.00/01.0024) and CENAKVA II (LO1205 under the NPU I program), NAZV (QI 101C033) and POSTDOC JU (CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0006).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters (FFPW), South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389-25, Vodňany, Czech Republic

    Tomáš Policar & Azin Mohagheghi Samarin

  2. Aquaculture Research and Education Center (CEFRA), University of Liège, Chemin de la Justice, 10, 4500, Tihange, Belgium

    Charles Mélard

Authors
  1. Tomáš Policar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Azin Mohagheghi Samarin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Charles Mélard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tomáš Policar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium

    Patrick Kestemont

  2. School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    Konrad Dabrowski

  3. Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, USA

    Robert C. Summerfelt

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Policar, T., Samarin, A.M., Mélard, C. (2015). Culture Methods of Eurasian Perch During Ongrowing. In: Kestemont, P., Dabrowski, K., Summerfelt, R. (eds) Biology and Culture of Percid Fishes. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7227-3_16

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation